Upper Extremity Access
Upper Extremity Access - Related Videos
06:04
Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
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Cited by 1 •
2025
An upper-extremity approach for secondary access during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation is associated with fewer secondary access site-related bleeding complications and reduces time to mobilization in patients requiring extended pacing. This protocol aims to provide an extensive overview of the upper-extremity approach and guide operators in adopting this methodology.
05:52
Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation
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Cited by 102 •
2018
Here, we present a protocol to develop and apply a mobile game-based virtual reality program for the recovery of upper limb dysfunction in patients with stroke. The present study shows that the mobile program is feasible and effectively promotes upper limb recovery in stroke patients.
07:26
Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
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Cited by 5 •
2013
The laser heated diamond anvil cell combined with synchrotron micro-diffraction techniques allows researchers to explore the nature and properties of new phases of matter at extreme pressure and temperature (PT) conditions. Heterogeneous samples can be characterized in situ under high pressure by 2D mapping and combined powder, single-crystal and multigrain diffraction approaches.
08:45
Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments
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Cited by 65 •
2018
This protocol describes an objective method to evaluate the movement performance and sensorimotor function of the upper extremity applied to individuals with stroke and healthy controls. A standardized test procedure, kinematic analysis and outcome variables for three-dimensional motion capture of drinking task are provided.
01:22
Absolute and Local Extreme Values
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2026
The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
FAQs
Site selection depends on what the procedure must accomplish, including fluid or medication delivery, blood collection, diagnostic testing, or interventional treatment. Clinicians also consider whether venous or arterial access is appropriate and choose an arm, forearm, or hand location that supports reliable entry while limiting bleeding, infection, and tissue injury.
Anatomical knowledge helps clinicians identify suitable vessels and plan the needle or catheter path through the skin. This improves the likelihood of entering the intended structure and maintaining a usable pathway. Understanding regional anatomy also supports safer site selection, reduces avoidable tissue injury, and helps clinicians respond when the first access attempt is unsuccessful.
Peripheral intravenous access and arterial cannulation serve different clinical purposes. Peripheral intravenous access is selected to deliver fluids or medications, whereas arterial cannulation supports monitoring or blood sampling. The distinction affects which vessel is targeted and what outcome the access must provide, allowing clinicians to match the approach to the patient's diagnostic or treatment requirement.
After entry, the access pathway must remain patent, meaning open and usable, so treatment delivery, sampling, or monitoring can continue as intended. Maintaining patency supports dependable clinical performance rather than a brief successful puncture alone. It also requires attention to bleeding, infection, and tissue injury, which can compromise the access site or its usefulness.
The general workflow begins with identifying an appropriate vessel or tissue site and selecting an approach that fits the intended use. A needle or catheter is then inserted through the skin, followed by confirmation that the pathway can support the planned delivery, sampling, monitoring, or intervention. Clinicians maintain the pathway while minimizing bleeding, infection, and tissue injury.
Clinicians may use this approach in both routine and emergency care. It can support medication or fluid administration, blood collection, diagnostic procedures, monitoring, and interventional procedures. The required function determines whether peripheral intravenous access or arterial cannulation is more suitable, while anatomical assessment helps identify a safer and more effective location.