Fully Submerged
Fully Submerged - Related Videos
01:11
Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies
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2025
In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
08:29
The Submerged Printing of Cells onto a Modified Surface Using a Continuous Flow Microspotter
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Cited by 2 •
2014
This 3D microfluidic printing technology prints arrays of cells onto submerged surfaces. We describe how arrays of cells are delivered microfluidically in 3D flow cells onto submerged surfaces. By printing onto submerged surfaces, cell microarrays were produced that allow for drug screening and cytotoxicity assessment in a multitude of areas.
07:29
A Submerged Filter Paper Sandwich for Long-term Ex Ovo Time-lapse Imaging of Early Chick Embryos
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Cited by 17 •
2016
Here, we present a new technique to culture chick embryos ex ovo for time-lapse imaging using transmitted light and fluorescence microscopy. The submerged filter paper sandwich is a variant of the well-established filter paper carrier technique1 that allows for the culturing of chick embryos fully-submerged in a liquid culture medium.
03:50
Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining to Assess Colon Damage in DSS-Induced Colitis
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2025
This video demonstrates the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining method to evaluate colon damage in a murine model of DSS-induced colitis — an inflammatory bowel disease. Upon isolating the colon from a DSS-treated mouse and obtaining sections of the tissue, H&E staining of the sections helps identify the inflammation-mediated tissue damage.
03:10
Treatment of Brain Tumors in a Mouse Model Using Sonodynamic Therapy
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2025
Source: Mess, G., et al. Sonodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme in a Mouse Model Using a Portable Benchtop Focused Ultrasound System. J. Vis. Exp. (2023)This video demonstrates a protocol for performing sonodynamic therapy on a brain tumor in a mouse model using magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS). A sonosensitizer precursor is administered prior to treatment, which accumulates in tumor cells and is activated by focused ultrasound to produce reactive...
FAQs
Pressure differences create the net force, rather than pressure at a single point. Because pressure increases with depth, the lower portions of a submerged object experience a different pressure environment from the upper portions. Adding the pressure effects over all surfaces leaves a resultant upward force. This is why fluid pressure can support an object even when no mechanical support is present.
Archimedes’ principle converts the pressure result into a usable force balance: the upward force equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Comparing that force with the object’s weight identifies three outcomes: upward motion, downward motion, or neutral buoyancy. The comparison is therefore a static-equilibrium test as well as a way to predict motion.
Depth and fluid density affect the pressure and the weight associated with displaced fluid, while the object’s size determines how much fluid is displaced when it is fully beneath the surface. These variables change the buoyant-force calculation. In experiments, controlling them helps distinguish whether a measured change comes from hydrostatic pressure, density, or object geometry.
Start by identifying the fluid, the object’s submerged volume, and the object’s weight. Determine the weight of the displaced fluid to obtain the upward buoyant force, then compare the two forces. If the forces balance, the object is neutrally buoyant; if they do not, the larger force indicates whether the object rises or sinks.
Fully Submerged conditions are useful for analyzing submarines and aquatic vehicles because designers must relate vehicle weight to the buoyant force generated by displaced fluid. The same force balance helps evaluate whether a vehicle can remain in underwater equilibrium or tends to move upward or downward. It also connects vehicle behavior to fluid equilibrium.
Underwater instruments are exposed to hydrostatic pressure across their surfaces, so their behavior must be considered in the context of depth-dependent pressure. Applying the fully submerged model helps organize measurements of pressure, buoyancy, and equilibrium. In laboratory experiments, the framework also supports tests involving density and displacement, allowing researchers to compare predicted and observed fluid forces.