Электробезопасность
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Q1: What should you check before using an electrical device in the lab?
Before powering up any electrical device, inspect the power cord for damage, frayed wires, or exposed conductors. Ensure the device sits on a sturdy, clutter-free surface to prevent falls. Verify that flammable and corrosive chemicals are stored at safe distances from electrical outlets to minimize fire and shock hazards.
Q2: How can you prevent electrical shock when working with plugged-in devices?
Keep plugged-in devices away from water-filled sinks or tubs and never touch them with wet hands. Use only electrically-powered devices equipped with a grounding plug. Avoid forcing plugs into ill-fitting sockets, and replace any damaged sockets or plugs immediately to maintain safe electrical connections.
Q3: What causes electrical fires in laboratories and how can you prevent them?
Electrical fires result from contact with flammable chemicals or overloaded circuits. Limit devices to two per outlet or use surge protectors to prevent overload. Keep electrical equipment away from open flames to avoid wire melting. Always know the fire extinguisher location and follow the PASS rule: pull the pin, aim at the fire base, squeeze the trigger, and sweep side to side.
Q4: What is the proper way to use a fire extinguisher on an electrical fire?
Follow the PASS rule for fire extinguisher use. First, pull the pin to unlock the extinguisher. Then take the nozzle and aim toward the base of the fire. Squeeze the trigger to discharge the agent, and slowly sweep the nozzle from side to side to cover the burning area. For small electrical fires, use a CO2 extinguisher or sand.
Q5: What should you do if someone receives an electrical shock in the laboratory?
Ensure the power is off immediately and call 911. Do not touch the victim with bare skin to avoid becoming a conduit for electricity. Instead, use non-conductive materials such as wood, glass, or rubber to help move or assist the electrically shocked person to safety.
Q6: Why is regular inspection of laboratory electrical equipment important?
Regular inspection identifies damaged wires, defective devices, and safety hazards before accidents occur. Check wiring conditions frequently and have experienced personnel immediately replace any damaged parts. Familiarize yourself with the emergency electrical shut-off and circuit breaker box location, and ensure circuits are properly labeled for quick identification during emergencies.
Q7: What precautions should you take when using extension cords and surge protectors?
Always use surge protectors to protect electrical devices from voltage spikes and prevent circuit overload. Never use extension cords for permanent laboratory equipment, as they pose fire and shock risks. Limit device usage to two per outlet maximum, and ensure all cords remain at safe distances from water and chemical storage areas.