pH

The potential of hydrogen (pH) is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a water-based solution determined by the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺). In one liter of pure water at neutral pH, there are 1×10⁻⁷ moles of hydronium ions. However, the extensive range of hydronium ion concentrations present in wat...

The potential of hydrogen, or pH, points to a solution's acidity or basicity— properties based on the concentration of hydronium ions, formed when water molecules gain an extra proton.

The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of its hydronium ion concentration. For example, a solution with 1 × 10⁻⁵ M hydronium concentratio...