Name: ac circuit phasors: resistor, inductor, capacitor
Uploaded: 2024-04-11T12:48:48.000Z
Duration: 1 min 16 s
Channel: JoVE

The voltage-current relationship for the resistors, inductors, and capacitors can be transformed from the time domain to the phasor or frequency domain using phasor representation.
In the time domain, Ohm&#39;s law provides a relation between the current flowing through a resistor and the voltage across it.
Similarly, in phasor representation, the voltage and current are in phase and follow Ohm&#39;s law.
For an inductor, the rate of change of current gives the voltage across it. The sinusoidal function is converted into its phasor in polar format.
Comparing the current and voltage phasors, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees.
Using Euler&#39;s identity, the current-voltage relationship in the phasor domain is obtained.
Similarly, when charging a capacitor, the rate of change of voltage determines the current passing through it, and the sinusoidal function is used to obtain its phasor in polar form.
The phasor representations indicate that the current leads voltage by 90 degrees, and the relationship between current and voltage phasors can be obtained by substituting the time derivative of the voltage.

phasor relationships for circuit elements

Phasor representation is a powerful tool used to transform the voltage-current relationship for resistors, inductors, and capacitors from the time domain to the frequency domain. This transformation simplifies the analysis of alternating current (AC) circuits.
In the time domain, Ohm's law provides a fundamental relation between the current flowing through a resistor and the voltage across it:
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where V is the voltage, I is the current, and R is the resistance. In phasor representation, this relationship holds true as well, with the voltage and current phasors being in phase and following Ohm's law.
For an inductor, the relationship between the voltage across it and the current flowing through it is given by the rate of change of current. The sinusoidal function representing this relationship can be converted into its phasor in polar format. When comparing the current and voltage phasors for an inductor, it can be observed that the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees. Using Euler's identity, a fundamental formula in complex analysis, the current-voltage relationship in the phasor domain can be obtained.
Similarly, when charging a capacitor, the current passing through it is determined by the rate of change of voltage across it. Again, the sinusoidal function representing this relationship can be converted into its phasor in polar form. In the case of a capacitor, the phasor representations indicate that the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. The relationship between the current and voltage phasors for a capacitor can be obtained by using the time derivative of the voltage.

Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements

The voltage-current relationship for the resistors, inductors, and capacitors can be transformed from the time domain to the phasor or frequency domain ...

phasor-relationships-for-circuit-elements

Education

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

Unit 1

AC Circuit Analysis

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

ac circuit phasors: resistor, inductor, capacitor

AC circuit phasors help show how voltage and current behave for resistors, inductors, and capacitors. Phasor representation moves these relationships from the time domain to the frequency domain, which makes AC circuit analysis easier.

For a resistor, Ohm's law still applies. The voltage across the resistor and the current through it stay in phase, so their phasors point in the same direction.

An inductor works differently because its voltage depends on the rate of change of current. The sinusoidal form of this relationship can be written as a phasor in polar form. When the voltage and current phasors are compared, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees. Euler's identity is used to obtain the current-voltage relationship in the phasor domain.

A capacitor also depends on change, but here the current depends on the rate of change of voltage across it. Its sinusoidal form can also be converted into a phasor in polar form. For a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. The time derivative of the voltage is used to derive the current-voltage relationship for the phasor form.

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Learn how phasors describe AC circuit behavior in resistors, inductors, and capacitors, including in-phase signals and 90-degree lead or lag.

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JoVE Core Electrical Engineering offers easy-to-understand animated videos that cover fundamental concepts of electric circuits along with circuit analysis techniques. It incorporates first-order and second-order circuits using operational amplifiers and circuit transformation concepts. The inclusion of practical design examples and real-world applications through scientist-in-action videos adds significant educational value, making complex concepts accessible.

electrical engineering

AC Circuit Phasors: Resistor, Inductor, Capacitor

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