Capítulo 0: Alcoholes y fenoles Back To Chapter

JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.2: Propiedades Físicas de los Alcoholes y Fenoles

TABLA DE
CONTENIDOS

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Capítulo 0: Enlace covalente y estructura

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.1: ¿Qué es la química orgánica?
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.2: Estructura electrónica de los átomos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.3: Configuraciones electrónicas
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.4: Enlaces químicos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.5: Enlaces covalentes polares
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.6: Las Estructuras de Lewis y Las Cargas Formales
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.7: Teoría RPECV
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.8: Geometría molecular y Momentos dipolo
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.9: Resonancia y Estructuras Híbridas
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.10: Teoría del enlace de valencia y los orbitales híbridos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.11: Teoría MO y Enlaces Covalentes
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.12: Fuerzas Intermoleculares y Propiedades Físicas
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.13: Solubilidad
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.14: Introducción a los grupos funcionales
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 1.15: Visión general de los Grupos Funcionales Avanzados

Capítulo 0: Termodinámica y cinética química

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JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.1: Reacciones Químicas
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.2: Entalpía y Calor de Reacción
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.3: Energética de la formación de soluciones
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.4: Entropía y Solvatación
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.5: Energía libre de Gibbs y Favorabilidad termodinámica
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.6: Equilibrio químico y de solubilidad
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.7: Ley de velocidad y Orden de reacción
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.8: Efecto del cambio de temperatura en la velocidad de la reacción
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.9: Reacciones de múltiples pasos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.10: Energía de disociación de enlace y energía de activación
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.11: Diagramas de energía, Estados de transición e Intermediarios
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.12: Predicción del rendimiento de una reacción

Capítulo 0: Alcanos y cicloalcanos

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.1: Estructura de los Alcanos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.2: Isómeros Constitucionales de los Alcanos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.3: Nomenclatura de los Alcanos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.4: Propiedades físicas de los Alcanos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.5: Proyecciones de Newman
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.6: Conformaciones del Etano y el Propano
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.7: Conformaciones del Butano
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.8: Cicloalcanos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.9: Conformaciones de los Cicloalcanos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.10: Conformaciones del ciclohexano
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.11: Conformación en silla del Ciclohexano
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.12: Estabilidad de Ciclohexanos Sustituidos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.13: Ciclohexanos Disustituidos: Isomería cis-trans
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 3.14: Energía de combustión: Una medida de estabilidad en los alcanos y cicloalcanos

Capítulo 0: Estereoisomería

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.1: Quiralidad
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.2: Isomería
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.3: Estereoisomería
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.4: Nombrando a los Enantiomeros
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.5: Propiedades de los Enantiomeros y Actividad Óptica
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.6: Moléculas con múltiples centros quirales
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.7: Proyecciones de Fischer
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.8: Mezclas Racémicas y la Resolución de Enantiomeros
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.9: Estereoisomería de los compuestos cíclicos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.10: Quiralidad en el Nitrógeno, Fósforo y Azúfre
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.11: Proquiralidad
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 4.12: La quiralidad en la naturaleza

Capítulo 0: Ácidos y Bases

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JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 5.1: Ácidos y Bases de Brønsted-Lowry
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 5.2: Ácidos y Bases de Lewis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 5.3: Ácidos y Bases: Ka, pKa y Fuerzas relativas
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 5.4: Posición del equilibrio en las reacciones Ácido-Base
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 5.5: Estructura molecular y acidez
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 5.6: El efecto nivelador y las soluciones ácido-base no acuosas
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 5.7: Efectos solvatadores

Capítulo 0: Reacciones de sustitución nucleofílica y eliminación de haluros de alquilo

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.1: Haluros de alquilo
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.2: Recciones de sustitución nucleofílica
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.3: Nucleófilos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.4: Electrófilos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.5: Grupos salientes
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.6: Carbocationes
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.7: Reacción SN2: Cinética
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.8: Reacción SN2: Mecanismo
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.9: Reacción SN2: Estado de transición
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.10: Reacción SN2: Estereoquímica
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.11: Reacción SN1: Cinética
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.12: Reacción SN1: Mecanismo
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.13: Reacción SN1: Estereoquímica
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.14: Prediciendo los productos: SN1 vs. SN2
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.15: Reacciones de eliminación
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.16: Reacción E2: Cinética y Mecanismo
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.17: Reacción E2: Estereoquímica y Regioquímica
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.18: Reacción E1: Cinética y Mecanismo
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.19: Reacción E1: Estereoquímica y Regioquímica
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.20: Prediciendo los productos: Sustitución vs. Eliminación

Capítulo 0: Estructura y reactividad de los alquenos

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 7.1: Estructura y enlace de los alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 7.2: Nomenclatura de los alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 7.3: Grado de insaturación
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 7.4: Isomería en los alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 7.5: Estabilidades relativas de los alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 7.6: Introducción a las reacciones de adición electrofílica de los alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 7.7: Regioselectividad de las adiciones electrofílicas a los alquenos: Regla de Markovnikov

Capítulo 0: Reacciones de los alquenos

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.1: Regioselectividad de las adiciones electrofílicas - Efecto peróxido
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.2: Reacción en cadena de radicales libres y polimerización de alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.3: Halogenación de alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.4: Formación de halohidrina a partir de alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.5: Hidratación de alquenos catalizada por ácido
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.6: Regioselectividad y estereoquímica de la hidratación catalizada por ácido
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.7: Oximercuriación-Reducción de alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.8: Hidroboración-Oxidación de Alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.9: Regioselectividad y estereoquímica de la hidroboración
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.10: Oxidación de alquenos: Dihidroxilación syn con Tetraóxido de Osmio
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.11: Oxidación de alquenos: Dihidroxilación syn con permanganato de potasio
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.12: Oxidación de alquenos: Anti dihidroxilación con peroxiácidos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.13: Escisión oxidativa de los alquenos: Ozonólisis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.14: Reducción de alquenos: Hidrogenación catalítica
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 8.15: Reducción de alquenos: Hidrogenación catalítica asimétrica

Capítulo 0: Alquinos

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.1: Estructura y propiedades físicas de los alquinos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.2: Nomenclatura de los alquinos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.3: Acidez de los 1-alquinos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.4: Preparación de alquinos: Reacción de alquilación
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.5: Prepararación de alquinos: Deshidrohalogenación
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.6: Adición electrofílica a alquinos: Halogenación
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.7: Adición electrofílica a alquinos: Hidrohalogenación
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.8: Alquinos a Aldehídos y Cetonas: Hidratación catalizada por ácido
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.9: Alquinos a Aldehídos y Cetonas: Hidroboración-Oxidación
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.10: Alquinos a Ácidos carboxílicos: Escisión oxidativa
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.11: Reducción de Alquinos a cis-alquenos: Hidrogenación catalítica
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 9.12: Reducción de alquinos a trans-alquenos: Sodio en amonio líquido

Capítulo 0: Alcoholes y fenoles

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JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.1: Estructura y Nomeclatura de Alcoholes y Fenoles
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.2: Propiedades Físicas de los Alcoholes y Fenoles
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.3: Acidez y Basicidad de Alcoholes y Fenoles
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.4: Preparación de Alcoholes Mediante Reacciones de Adición
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.5: Preparación de alcoholes mediante reacciones de sustitución
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.6: Deshidratación catalizada por ácido de alcoholes a alquenos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.7: Alcoholes a partir de compuestos carbonilo: Reducción
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.8: Alcoholes a partir de compuestos carbonilo: Reacción de Grignard
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.9: Protección de alcoholes
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.10: Preparación de Dioles y Reordenamiento Pinacol
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.11: Conversión de alcoholes a Haluros de Alquilo
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.12: Oxidación de alcoholes

Capítulo 0: Éteres, Epóxidos, Sulfuros

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.1: Estructura y Nomenclatura de los Éteres
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.2: Propiedades Físicas de los Éteres
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.3: Éteres a partir de Alcoholes: Deshidratación de Alcoholes y Síntesis de Éter de Williamson
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.4: Éteres a partir de alquenos: Adición de alcohol y alcoximercuración-desmercuración
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.5: De Éteres a Haluros de alquilo: Escisión ácida
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.6: Auto-oxidación de Éteres en Peróxidos e Hidroperóxidos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.7: Éteres corona
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.8: Estructura y Nomenclatura de los Epóxidos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.9: Preparación de Epóxidos
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.10: Epoxidación de Sharpless
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.11: Apertura de Anillo de Epóxidos Catalizada por Ácido
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.12: Apertura de Anillo de Epóxidos Catalizada por Base
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.13: Estructura y Nomenclatura de Tioles y Sulfuros
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.14: Preparación y Reacciones de Tioles
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 11.15: Preparación y Reacciones de Sulfuros

Capítulo 0: Aldehydes and Ketones

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.1: Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.2: IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.3: IUPAC Nomenclature of Ketones
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.4: Common Names of Aldehydes and Ketones
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.5: IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.6: NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of Aldehydes and Ketones
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.7: Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Alcohols, Alkenes, and Alkynes
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.8: Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Nitriles and Carboxylic Acids
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.9: Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.10: Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group: General Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.11: Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.12: Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.13: Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.14: Acetals and Thioacetals as Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.15: Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.16: Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.17: Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkenes: Wittig Reaction Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.18: Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkenes: Wittig Reaction Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.19: Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.20: Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.21: Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Enamine Formation Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.22: Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkanes: Wolff–Kishner Reduction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.23: Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.24: Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones: Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 12.25: Keto–Enol Tautomerism: Mechanism

Capítulo 0: Carboxylic Acids

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.1: IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.2: Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.3: Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.4: Substituent Effects on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.5: IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.6: NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.7: Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.8: Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis of Nitriles
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.9: Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.10: Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.11: Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.12: Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.13: Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.14: Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.15: Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols: Hydride Reduction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.16: Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 13.17: Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives

Capítulo 0: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.1: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.2: Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.3: Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.4: Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.5: Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.6: Acidity and Basicity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.7: Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.8: Relative Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.9: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.10: Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.11: Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.12: Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.13: Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.14: Acid Halides to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.15: Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.16: Preparation of Acid Anhydrides
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.17: Reactions of Acid Anhydrides
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.18: Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.19: Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.20: Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.21: Esters to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.22: Preparation of Amides
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.23: Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.24: Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.25: Preparation of Nitriles
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.26: Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.27: Nitriles to Ketones: Grignard Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 14.28: Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

Capítulo 0: α-Carbon Chemistry: Enols, Enolates, and Enamines

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.1: Reactivity of Enols
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.2: Reactivity of Enolate Ions
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.3: Types of Enols and Enolates
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.4: Enolate Mechanism Conventions
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.5: Regioselective Formation of Enolates
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.6: Stereochemical Effects of Enolization
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.7: Acid-Catalyzed α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.8: Base-Promoted α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.9: Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.10: α-Halogenation of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.11: α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.12: Reactions of α-Halocarbonyl Compounds: Nucleophilic Substitution
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.13: Nitrosation of Enols
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.14: C–C Bond Formation: Aldol Condensation Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.15: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.16: Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.17: Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.18: Dehydration of Aldols to Enones: Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.19: Intramolecular Aldol Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.20: C–C Bond Cleavage: Retro-Aldol Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.21: Crossed Aldol Reactions: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.22: Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Weak Bases
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.23: Ketones with Nonenolizable Aromatic Aldehydes: Claisen–Schmidt Condensation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.24: Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Strong Bases: Directed Aldol Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.25: Aldol Condensation with β-Diesters: Knoevenagel Condensation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.26: Esters to β-Ketoesters: Claisen Condensation Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.27: Esters to β-Ketoesters: Claisen Condensation Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.28: Aldol Condensation vs Claisen Condensation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.29: Intramolecular Claisen Condensation of Dicarboxylic Esters: Dieckmann Cyclization
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.30: β-Dicarbonyl Compounds via Crossed Claisen Condensations
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.31: α-Alkylation of Ketones via Enolate Ions
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.32: Factors Affecting α-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.33: Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.34: Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.35: Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.36: Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.37: Conjugate Addition of Enolates: Michael Addition
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.38: Cyclohexenones via Michael Addition and Aldol Condensation: The Robinson Annulation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.39: Synthesis of α-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds: The Stork Enamine Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 15.40: Nonenolizable Aldehydes to Acids and Alcohols: The Cannizzaro Reaction

Capítulo 0: Dienes, Conjugated Pi Systems, and Pericyclic Reactions

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.1: Structure of Conjugated Dienes
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.2: Stability of Conjugated Dienes
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.3: π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.4: π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.5: π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.6: Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.7: Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.8: Electrophilic Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene: Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Control
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.9: UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.10: UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.11: Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.12: Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.13: Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.14: Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.15: Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.16: Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.17: Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.18: [4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.19: Diels–Alder vs Retro-Diels–Alder Reaction: Thermodynamic Factors
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.20: Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.21: Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.22: Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.23: Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienophiles
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.24: Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.25: [3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.26: [3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Allyl Vinyl Ethers: Claisen Rearrangement
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 16.27: Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Capítulo 0: Aromatic Compounds

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.1: Aromatic Compounds: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.2: Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.3: Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.4: Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.5: Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.7: Criteria for Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.8: Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.9: Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.13: Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.14: Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.15: Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 17.19: NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

Capítulo 0: Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.4: NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.5: Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.7: Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.8: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.9: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.10: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.11: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.12: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.13: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Benzene
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.14: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Benzene
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.15: Limitations of Friedel–Crafts Reactions
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.16: Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.17: Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.18: ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.19: ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.20: meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.21: Directing and Steric Effects in Disubstituted Benzene Derivatives
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.23: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (SNAr)
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.24: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.25: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.26: Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.28: Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.29: Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.30: Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 18.32: Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

Capítulo 0: Amines

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JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.1: Amines: Introduction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.2: Nomenclature of Primary Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.3: Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.4: Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.5: Structure of Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.6: Physical Properties of Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.7: Basicity of Aliphatic Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.8: Basicity of Aromatic Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.9: Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.10: NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.12: Mass Spectrometry of Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.13: Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.14: Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.15: Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.16: Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.17: Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.18: Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.19: Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.20: Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.21: Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.22: Amines to Alkenes: Hofmann Elimination
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.24: Amines to Alkenes: Cope Elimination
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.25: 1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.26: 1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.27: 2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.28: Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.29: Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.30: Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 19.31: Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

Capítulo 0: Radical Chemistry

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.1: Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.4: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.5: Radical Formation: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.6: Radical Formation: Homolysis
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.7: Radical Formation: Abstraction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.8: Radical Formation: Addition
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.9: Radical Formation: Elimination
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.10: Radical Reactivity: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.11: Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.12: Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.13: Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.14: Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.15: Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.16: Radical Autoxidation
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.17: Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.18: Radical Substitution: Halogenation of Alkanes and Alkyl Substituents
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.19: Radical Halogenation: Thermodynamics
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.21: Radical Halogenation: Stereochemistry
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.22: Radical Substitution: Allylic Chlorination
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.23: Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.24: Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.25: Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.26: Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.27: Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Thermodynamics
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.28: Vicinal Diols via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: Pinacol Coupling Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.30: Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 20.31: α-Hydroxy Ketones via Reductive Coupling of Esters: Acyloin Condensation Overview

Capítulo 0: Synthetic Polymers

30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.2: Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.3: Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.4: Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.5: Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.6: Polymer Classification: Architecture
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.7: Polymer Classification: Crystallinity
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.8: Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.10: Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.11: Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.12: Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.13: Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.14: Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.16: Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.17: Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.19: Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.20: Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.22: Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.24: Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.25: Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)
30
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 21.26: Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

TABLA DE CONTENIDOS

JoVE Core
Organic Chemistry

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Propiedades Físicas de los Alcoholes y Fenoles

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JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.1: Estructura y Nomeclatura de Alcoholes y Fenoles

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JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.2: Propiedades Físicas de los Alcoholes y Fenoles

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.

Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar molecular weights due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding. As in hydrocarbons, the dispersion forces are the reason for the higher boiling point upon increasing carbon chain length.

Hydrogen bonding between the hydroxy group and water facilitates the solubility of alcohols in water. However, water solubility also depends on the length of the alkyl or nonpolar region of the molecule. Alcohols with an alkyl region of up to three carbon atoms are miscible with water. As the chain length increases, the increased surface area of the nonpolar region hinders solvation by the water molecules.

The solubility of branched alcohols is higher than that of linear alcohols of similar molecular weight. Branching reduces the surface area for intermolecular interactions between nonpolar regions; hence, the hydrophobic nonpolar region is smaller. Because of the weaker intermolecular interactions, the boiling points of branched alcohols are lower than the corresponding linear alcohols.

Multiple sites for hydrogen bonding in one molecule increase the boiling point; therefore, diols and amino alcohols possess higher boiling points and better water solubility than alcohols.

Compared to linear alcohols, cyclic alcohols can only exist in a limited number of conformations due to steric restrictions. The increased intermolecular interactions that arise from the close packing of cyclic alcohol in the liquid phase results in a higher boiling point as compared to that of a linear alcohol.

Intermolecular hydrogen bonds also play a role in defining phenols' high boiling point and solubility in water. The boiling point of phenol is higher than that of the corresponding aliphatic alcohol due to the close packing of phenol molecules, facilitated by π–π stacking interactions between the large, planar aromatic rings. Close-packed aromatic rings increase the surface area of the nonpolar region in the liquid phase and limit the solubility of phenol (9.3 g in 100 g H₂O). However, this solubility is higher than that of alcohols with a similar molecular weight due to the increased polarity of the oxygen–hydrogen bond dipole induced by adjacent electron-withdrawing aromatic rings.

Structure	Name	Molecular weight (g/mol)	Boiling point (^oC)	Solubility (g/100 g H₂O)
	1-Butanol	74	118	9.1
	Isobutanol	74	108	10
	tert-Butanol	74	83	miscible (∞)
	Pentane	72	36	insoluble
	Propane-1,2-diol	76	188	miscible (∞)
	1-Hexanol	102	156	0.6
	Cyclohexanol	100	162	3.6
	Phenol	94	182	9.3
	Toluene	92	110	insoluble

Alcohols are widely used as antiseptics due to their antibacterial properties. Isopropanol or ethanol is the major component of hand sanitizer. An ideal antibacterial agent should have a significant nonpolar region or alkyl region that can penetrate the cell membranes of microorganisms and destroy them. At the same time, it should have high solubility in the transport medium, which is water. In smaller alcohols, the optimal balance between these two conditions is fulfilled.

Capítulo 0: Enlace covalente y estructura

Capítulo 0: Termodinámica y cinética química

Capítulo 0: Alcanos y cicloalcanos

Capítulo 0: Estereoisomería

Capítulo 0: Ácidos y Bases

Capítulo 0: Reacciones de sustitución nucleofílica y eliminación de haluros de alquilo

Capítulo 0: Estructura y reactividad de los alquenos

Capítulo 0: Reacciones de los alquenos

Capítulo 0: Alquinos

Capítulo 0: Alcoholes y fenoles

Capítulo 0: Éteres, Epóxidos, Sulfuros

Capítulo 0: Aldehydes and Ketones

Capítulo 0: Carboxylic Acids

Capítulo 0: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Capítulo 0: α-Carbon Chemistry: Enols, Enolates, and Enamines

Capítulo 0: Dienes, Conjugated Pi Systems, and Pericyclic Reactions

Capítulo 0: Aromatic Compounds

Capítulo 0: Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

Capítulo 0: Amines

Capítulo 0: Radical Chemistry

Capítulo 0: Synthetic Polymers

JoVE Core Organic Chemistry Chapter 10.2: Propiedades Físicas de los Alcoholes y Fenoles

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