3.4:

3.4: The Availability Heuristic

The Availability Heuristic

JoVE Core
Social Psychology

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JoVE Core Social Psychology

The Availability Heuristic

3.3: Social Scripts

3.5: The Representativeness Heuristic

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01:08 min

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February 12, 2020

Overview

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):

When one is faced with too much information
When the time to make a decision is limited
When the decision to be made is unimportant
When there is access to very little information to use in making the decision
When an appropriate heuristic happens to come to mind in the same moment

Availability Heuristic

The availability heuristic is a heuristic in which you make a decision based on an example, information, or recent experience that is that readily available to you, even though it may not be the best example to inform your decision. Biases tend to “preserve that which is already established—to maintain our preexisting knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and hypotheses” (Aronson, 1995; Kahneman, 2011).

This text is adapted from OpenStax, Psychology. OpenStax CNX.

Transcript

In response to a question, like “Which job is more damaging to one’s health: being a gas plant operator or dentist?”, someone may intuitively generate thoughts that lead to a seemingly automatic and quick judgment.

After all, in the latest news, they’ve observed related events, vividly repeated over and over again.

As a result, the episodes may just be more memorable—the dramatic instances are more easily retrievable and available.

In this case, the person uses the availability heuristic—the process whereby judgments of frequency or probability are based on how relevant instances come to mind with ease.

Unfortunately, their response is distorted, as dentists are more likely to be exposed to deadly diseases, infections, radiation, and prolonged sitting according to compiled data.

While the availability heuristic can speed up decisions that may sometimes be accurate, be aware that such quick conclusions can also lead to incorrect reflections and overestimated contributions within the real world.

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Availability Heuristic Gas Plant Operator Dentist Health Distorted Response Deadly Diseases Infections Radiation Prolonged Sitting Availability Heuristic Mental Shortcuts Problem-solving Framework Heuristics