Testes: Histology

The tunica albuginea of each testis extends inward to form fibrous partitions, or septa testis, dividing it into internal compartments called lobules.

Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules, which are the site for sperm production.

These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.

Within the seminiferous tubules, the spermatogenic cells are embedded within the seminiferous epithelium, interspersed with sustentacular cells, also known as Sertoli cells.

Spermatogenic cells, supported and nourished by Sertoli cells, differentiate into mature spermatozoa as they progress toward the luminal end.

Between the adjacent seminiferous tubules are interstitial cells, also known as Leydig cells.

These cells produce androgens, including testosterone.

The long testicular arteries, delivering oxygenated blood, are surrounded by a network of interconnected veins, the pampiniform plexus.

The pampiniform plexus drains deoxygenated blood and absorbs heat from the oxygenated blood, ensuring optimal nourishment and temperature regulation of the testicular tissue.