Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

Sputum culture and sensitivity tests identify respiratory bacterial infections, identifying pathogens such as Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus.

All cultures should be obtained before initiating antibiotic therapy for effective treatment.

Preliminary results are available within 24 hours, while complete results usually take 48 to 72 hours.

To collect sputum, explain the procedure and emphasize the need to collect sputum and not saliva for accuracy.

Hydrate the patient and use nebulization to help loosen the sputum if required.

Obtain a sterile specimen container and avoid touching the inside or rim of the container, as it can cause contamination.

Next, provide a high Fowler's position to facilitate better lung expansion.

Ask the patient to take three slow, deep breaths and then cough deeply to expectorate sputum.

Have the patient expectorate directly into the container until at least 5  milliliters of sputum is obtained.

Assess the sample by making sure it is not saliva.

Seal and label the container and send it to the laboratory.