Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to visualize and examine changes in the colon's inner lining, such as diverticula, ulceration, polyps, strictures, or colorectal cancer.

Before the procedure, an intravenous catheter is inserted for sedation, and the patient is positioned on their left side with their legs flexed toward their chest.

During the procedure, the lubricated, thin, flexible colonoscope with a camera is gently inserted into the rectum and advanced through the sigmoid, descending, transverse, and ascending colon.

Then, air or carbon dioxide is insufflated for better visibility, and real-time images are transmitted to a monitor for examination.

After the examination, the colonoscope is carefully withdrawn.

Nursing responsibilities include obtaining informed consent, educating patients on pre-procedure diets and laxatives, and advising them to stop blood thinners.

During the procedure, nurses maintain privacy and monitor vital signs.

After the procedure, they observe the patient until the effects of sedation wear off and check for complications such as perforation, which may cause severe abdominal pain.