Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias are abnormalities in heartbeat rhythm caused by disruptions in the heart's electrical system, which includes the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, the bundle of His, the bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.

This electrical conduction system initiates and regulates the heartbeat.

Disruptions in impulse formation or conduction within this system cause irregular heart rhythms.

Common causes include myocardial ischemia, electrolyte imbalances such as potassium disturbances, and structural heart diseases.

Other causes include certain medications such as beta-blockers, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and stress.

Common clinical symptoms include palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and fatigue.

In more severe cases, dysrhythmias may lead to hypotension or cardiac arrest.

Although often used interchangeably, arrhythmia refers to any irregular heart rhythm, whereas dysrhythmia specifically describes an abnormal rhythm that still follows a pattern.