3.12
Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their competency to complete tasks and achieve goals.
Children and adults with high self-efficacy tend to be more persistent, experience lower levels of anxiety and depression, maintain better health, and perform well academically.
Self-efficacy reliably predicts both workplace productivity and academic performance, as it strongly correlates with a student’s GPA.
When facing challenges, people with high self-efficacy stay calm and focus on solutions rather than dwell on their inadequacy.
Additionally, self-efficacy and self-esteem are distinct concepts. Self-esteem reflects overall self-worth, whereas self-efficacy is confidence in one’s ability to succeed at specific tasks.
For example, during childhood, encouragements such as “You’re special " boost self-esteem, and “You can do it” build self-efficacy.
In a study, children who received effort-based praise, such as “You worked hard,” performed better than those who received trait-based praise like “You’re smart.”
Children praised for effort felt more motivated to try again, while those praised for intelligence avoided risks to avoid failure, indicating that fostering self-efficacy promotes growth rather than boosting self-esteem.
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.
Psychological and Educational Impacts
Individuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as anxiety and frustration. Higher self-efficacy correlates with increased motivation, improved study habits, and higher academic achievement in educational contexts. Studies indicate that students with a strong sense of efficacy are likelier to earn higher GPAs and engage more actively in learning tasks. Importantly, they also demonstrate greater intrinsic motivation, choosing challenging tasks to further their development rather than settling for easier ones.
Distinction from Self-Esteem
While often conflated, self-efficacy and self-esteem are conceptually distinct. Self-esteem pertains to one's overall sense of self-worth, whereas self-efficacy is task-specific and relates to perceived competence in achieving particular goals. This distinction has practical implications, especially in educational and developmental settings. For instance, praise directed at effort (“You tried really hard”) cultivates self-efficacy, whereas praise focusing on inherent traits (“You’re really smart”) may inflate self-esteem without promoting resilience.
Role of Feedback and Praise
Feedback that emphasizes effort and strategies over innate ability builds self-efficacy and fosters a growth mindset. Children and adults praised for their persistence are more likely to interpret setbacks as opportunities for learning rather than threats to their identity. This supports sustained engagement and a willingness to embrace challenges. In contrast, those conditioned to value intelligence over effort often avoid complex tasks to protect their self-image, which may limit long-term growth and adaptability.
Through its influence on motivation, learning, and emotional regulation, self-efficacy emerges as a pivotal construct in both individual development and educational practice.
Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their competency to complete tasks and achieve goals.
Children and adults with high self-efficacy tend to be more persistent, experience lower levels of anxiety and depression, maintain better health, and perform well academically.
Self-efficacy reliably predicts both workplace productivity and academic performance, as it strongly correlates with a student’s GPA.
When facing challenges, people with high self-efficacy stay calm and focus on solutions rather than dwell on their inadequacy.
Additionally, self-efficacy and self-esteem are distinct concepts. Self-esteem reflects overall self-worth, whereas self-efficacy is confidence in one’s ability to succeed at specific tasks.
For example, during childhood, encouragements such as “You’re special " boost self-esteem, and “You can do it” build self-efficacy.
In a study, children who received effort-based praise, such as “You worked hard,” performed better than those who received trait-based praise like “You’re smart.”
Children praised for effort felt more motivated to try again, while those praised for intelligence avoided risks to avoid failure, indicating that fostering self-efficacy promotes growth rather than boosting self-esteem.
From Chapter 3:
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3.12 : Self-Efficacy
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3.1 : Self-Awareness and Its Effects
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3.2 : Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects
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3.3 : Self-Esteem
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3.4 : Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience
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3.5 : Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
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3.6 : Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison
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3.9 : Self-Esteem and Culture
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3.10 : Protecting Self-Esteem
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3.13 : Growth versus Fixed Mindset
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