A Microfluidic Device for Real-Time Imaging and Pressure Tracking During Biofilm Formation

Abstract

Source: Kurz, D. L., et al. Microfluidic Platform to Study Bioclogging in Porous Media. J. Vis. Exp. (2022)

The video demonstrates the use of a microfluidic device to study biofilm formation. A bacterial suspension is introduced into the microchannel, followed by incubation to allow biofilm development. Flow is then resumed, and pressure monitoring along with imaging is used to detect biofilm formation and pore blockage over time.

Protocol

1. Silicon wafer preparation

1. Design the geometries of the microfluidic channel in computer-aided design (CAD; see Table of Materials) software and print it onto a transparent film to create the photomask (Figure 1A).
2. Fabricate the master mold by soft lithography (under clean-room conditions) following the steps below.
   1. Bake the silicon wafer at 200 °C for 2 h.
   2. Place the wafer at the center of a spin-coater and pour SU8 3050 photoresist (see Table of Materials) onto the wafer. Spin coat at 1,700 rpm for 40 s with a 10 s/100 rpm ramp time.
      N....

Results

Figure 1: Microfluidic channel design and experimental setup. (A) Photomask of the microfluidic channels with different pore sizes (75 µm, 150 µm, and 300 µm) used as porous media analogs and a zoomed-in vie.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Acrodisc 25 mm Syringe Filter, 1.2 µm Versapor Membrane	Pall Corporation	PN4190	1.2 µm filters
BD 10 mL Syringe (Luer-Lock)	BD	300912	used to fill the channel with deionised water
Box Incubator	Life Imaging Services		used to have a stable temperature during the biofilm growth experiment
Cell density meter CO8000	WPA biowave		OD meter
Centrifuge vial	Eppendorf	30120086	1.5 mL
CETONI Base 120	CETONI GmbH		syringe pump
CorelCAD	CorelDRAW		software used to design the microfluidic channel geometries
Culture tubes (14 mL, sterile)	greiner bio-one		Culture tubes
Drying oven, VENTI-Line	VWR		Oven to cure the PDMS
Handy	Migros		Detergent solution
Hot plate with temperature control	VRW		to cure the PDMS-glass bonding after plasma treatment
Innova 42 Inc Shaker (New Brunswick)	Eppendorf		Incubator
Isopropanol (> 99.8%)	Sigma Aldrich	67-63-0
Masterflex transfer tubing	Masterflex	HV-06419-05	0.020'' ID, 0.06'' OD
Micro Slides, Plain, 75 x 60 mm	Corning	2947-75X50	Glass slides
Microfluidic pressure sensor (1 bar)	Elveflow		Pressure sensors
Miltex Biopsy puncher, diameter 1.5 mm	Integra		Puncher to make the inlet and outlet holes of the microfluidic channel
mrDev600 developer	Microresist
Nikon Eclipse Ti2	Nikon Instruments		Microscope
Nutrient broth n°3	Sigma Aldrich
Omnifix Syringe with Luer-Lock	B.Braun		syringes of different volume
Plasma chamber Zepto	Diener Electronic	ZEPTO-1	used to plasma bond the PDMS and the glass slide
Precision wipes (Kimtech Science)	Kimberly Clark	KCP-7552	to dry the glass slide
Scale	VWR-CH	611-2605	used to weigh the elastomer to crosslinking agent ratio
Silicon wafer (10 cm)	Silicon Materials Inc.		N//Phos <100> 1-10 Ω cm
Spincoater, Spin module SM150	Sawatec
SU8 3050 Photoresist	Kayakuam
Süss MA6 Mask aligner	SUSS MicroTec Group		used to align the chrome-glass mask
Sylgard 184	Dow Corning		silicone elastomer kit; curing agent
Techni Etch Cr01	Technic		Technic
Tissue culture dish 150	TPP	93150
Trichloro (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H perfluorooctyl) silane	Sigma Aldrich	Sigma Aldrich	used to silanize the silicane wafer
Veeco Dektak 6 M	Veeco		Profilometer