Preparing Rhinal Cortex-Hippocampus Slices from a Rat Pup Brain

Abstract

Source: Valente, C. A., et al., A Model of Epileptogenesis in Rhinal Cortex-Hippocampus Organotypic Slice Cultures. J. Vis. Exp. (2021)

The video demonstrates a method for obtaining rhinal cortex-hippocampus slices from a rat pup's brain and culturing them in membranous inserts within a multi-well plate filled with media for further analysis.

Protocol

All procedures involving animal samples have been reviewed and approved by the appropriate animal ethical review committee.

1. Preparation of rhinal cortex-hippocampus slices

NOTE: The preparation of rhinal cortex-hippocampus slices uses P6-7 Sprague-Dawley rats.

1. Culture setup and medium preparation
   1. On the day before the culture, prepare the required media and place them at 4 °C.
   2. Prepare dissection medium: 25 mM glucose in Gey's Balanced Salt Solution (GBSS).
   3. Prepare culture medium: 50% Opti-MEM, 25% HBSS, 25% Horse Serum (HS), 25 mM glucose, 30 µg/mL Gentamycin.
   4. Prepare maintenance medium: Neurobasal-A (NBA), 2% B27, 1 mM L-glutamine, 30 µg/mL Gentamycin, HS (15%, 10%, 5% and 0%).
2. Brain harvesting
   1. Just before starting the culture, add 1.1 mL of culture medium to each well of the 6-well plate with a P1000 pipette and place it at 37 °C.
   2. Place all the equipment (dissection microscope, tissue chopper, dissecting lamp, dissecting tools, electrodes, plates, inserts, and filter papers) inside the biological safety cabinet and sterilize under UV light for 15 minutes.
   3. Adjust slice thickness to 350 µm.
   4. Withdraw the GBSS from the fridge. Add 5 mL of GBSS to six Petri dishes. Six Petri dishes will be required per animal.
   5. Euthanize the rat pup. Perform decapitation by using a sharp scissor at the base of the brain stem of the animal.
   6. Wash the animal head three times in cold GBSS and take it inside the safety cabinet.
3. Tissue isolation and preparation of slices
   1. Firmly insert sharp forceps into the eye sockets to hold the head.
   2. Using a thin scissor cut the skin/scalp along the midline starting from the vertebral foramen towards the frontal lobes and put it aside.
   3. Cut in the same way as the skull and along the cerebral transverse fissure (space between the brain and cerebellum). With curved long forceps, move it apart.
   4. Discard the olfactory bulbs with a spatula. Remove the brain from the head and place it in ice-cold GBSS with the dorsal surface facing up (Figure 1A).
   5. Insert the fine forceps into the cerebellum and go along the midline with the spatula opening each hemisphere very carefully (Figure 1B).
   6. With short curve forceps, carefully remove the excess tissue that covers the hippocampi, without touching the hippocampal structure. Then with a spatula, cut below each hippocampus (Figure 1C).
   7. Pick up one hemisphere and place it, with the hippocampus facing up, onto a filter paper. Repeat the procedure with the other hemisphere and place it parallel to the first one, in the filter paper. Put the filter paper on the tissue chopper, with the hemispheres perpendicular to the blade, and cut the hemispheres into 350 μm slices (Figure 1D).
   8. Place the sliced tissue into a Petri dish with cold GBSS (Figure 1E).
   9. Carefully separate the slices using the round tip electrodes (Figure 1F). Keep only the slices with a structurally intact rhinal cortex and hippocampus. DG and CA areas should be perfectly defined, as well as the entorhinal and perirhinal cortex (Figure 1G).
   10. Place each slice onto the insert (Figure 1H-I), with a spatula and a round-tip electrode. Remove the excess dissection medium around each slice with a P20 pipette (Figure 1J). Four rhinal cortex-hippocampus slices can be cultured in a single insert (Figure 1K).
4. Culture maintenance
   1. Change the medium every other day.
   2. Warm up the medium at 37 °C.
   3. Take the plates from the incubator. Pick up each insert by holding the plastic edge with forceps (Figure 1L).
   4. Use a free hand to aspirate the medium from the well. Place the insert back into the well and add 1 mL, with a P1000 pipette, of fresh warmed medium (Figure 1M). Repeat for all the inserts. Make sure no air bubbles are trapped between the membrane and the medium.

Results

Figure 1: Detailed procedure for the preparation of rhinal cortex-hippocampus organotypic slices. (A) Remove the brain from the head and place it in ice-cold GBSS with the dorsal surface faced up. (B) Insert the forceps ...

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Blades for scalpel handle	Fine Science Tools	10011-00
Brain/Tissue Slice Chamber System	Warner Instruments
Cell culture inserts, 30 mm, hydrophilic PTFE	Millipore SAS	PICM03050
Conventional incubator	Thermo Scientific Heraeus	BB15, Function Line	Set to 37 °C and 5% CO2
D(+)-Glucose monohydrate	Merck Millipore	1.08342.1000
D-(+)-Glucose solution, 45% in water	Sigma	G8769
di-Sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate	Merck Milipore	1.06580.1000
Dumont #5 Fine Forceps Biologie Inox	Fine Science Tools	11254-20
Dumont #5 Forceps Standard Inox	Fine Science Tools	11251-20
Dumont #7 Forceps Standard Dumoxel	Fine Science Tools	11271-30
Dumont Medical #7S Forceps Short Curve Inox	Fine Science Tools	11273-22
Gentamycin stock solution, 50 mg/mL	Thermo Fisher Scientific	15750-037
Gey's Balanced Salt Solution (GBSS)	Biological Industries	01-919-1A
Glass Electrodes	Science Products	GB150F-10	Round tips homemade
Glass Pasteur pipettes, 230 mm	VWR International	612-1702
Horse Serum, Heat Inactivated (HS)	Thermo Fisher Scientific	26050-088
Iris Spatula Curved	Fine Science Tools	10092-12
Labculture Class II Biological Safety Cabinet	HERASafe	HS 12
L-Glutamine solution 200 mM (Q)	Thermo Fisher Scientific	25030-024
Neurobasal-A Medium (NBA)	Thermo Fisher Scientific	10888-022
Opti-MEM® I Reduced-Serum Medium	Thermo Fisher Scientific	31985-047
Platinum 5 blades	Gillette
Qualitative Filter Paper, Cellulose, Grade 1, 55 mm	Whatman	1001-055	Medium retention 11µm
Qualitative Filter Paper, Cellulose, Grade 1, 90 mm	Whatman	1001-090	Medium retention 11µm
Scalpel handle	Fine Science Tools	91003-12
TC-Treated Sterile 6-Wells Plates	Corning	CORN3516
Temperatue controller	MEDICAL SYSTEMS CORP.	TC-102
Tissue Chopper	The Mickle Laboratory Engineering CO. LTD.	MTC/2	Set to 350 μm