Neuronal Culture Techniques

The video demonstrates a method for culturing neurons from murine hippocampi. Initially, the hippocampi undergo enzymatic digestion to break down the extracellular tissue matrix. Subsequently, the digested tissue is mechanically disrupted to isolate individual neurons. Finally, these neurons are cultured on glial feeder cells.

This video demonstrates the method of culturing cryopreserved embryonic neurons, involving controlled thawing, dilution with a neurobasal medium, and seeding onto a poly-L-lysine-coated plate. Subsequent incubation supports the growth and maintenance of neuronal connections.

The video illustrates a technique for culturing fluorescent GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons from the cortex and hippocampal tissues of transgenic mouse pups. The process includes obtaining purified single-cell suspensions of neurons, sorting GABAergic neurons based on their fluorescence protein expression, and seeding them onto poly-L-lysine-coated plates to facilitate attachment and cell proliferation.

The video demonstrates a technique for culturing primary astrocytes from the rat cortex. The cortex is mechanically dissociated to obtain a homogeneous glial cell suspension, which is then plated on polypeptide-coated plates to promote selective proliferation of astrocytes. Subsequently, the astrocytes are enzymatically dissociated from the plates and transferred to fresh media, allowing the culture of pure astrocytes.

The video demonstrates a technique for isolating microglia from the cortex of an adult mouse brain. First, the cortex undergoes segmentation and homogenization to remove neurons and other glial cells, preserving microglia. Following that, the cell suspension is exposed to anti-myelin magnetic microbeads and a magnetic field, effectively separating microglia and myeloid cells from myelin debris and cells containing myelin.

The video demonstrates a simple method to culture murine astrocytes in isolation from other brain cells. During culturing, by using astrocyte-specific media and inhibiting the adherence of non-astrocytic cells, the method selectively cultures astrocytes. These cultured astrocytes exhibit stellate morphology with fine processes.

The video demonstrates a method for generating excitatory cortical neurons from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Upon doxycycline induction, the hiPSCs overexpress neurogenin-2, a neural-specific transcription factor. By using specific media and co-culturing with astrocytes, this process facilitates the hiPSCs' differentiation into neurons with synaptic connections.

This video demonstrates a technique for generating a primary culture of neurons and glia from a rat's urinary bladder. It outlines the steps involved in tissue preparation, enzymatic digestion to obtain single cells, and culturing the cells in a neuron-specific medium to establish a primary neuronal and glial culture.

This video demonstrates the utilization of a pre-assembled plastic microfluidic chip for the compartmentalized culture of primary rat hippocampal neurons. The neurons are plated into one of the microfluidic compartments, where they attach and grow, extending their axons through the chip's microgrooves into the adjacent compartment. The narrow microgrooves prevent neuronal cell bodies from entering, thereby enabling physical separation between the somatic and axonal compartments.

This video demonstrates the technique for isolating and culturing primary mouse cerebellar granule neurons. Cells are treated with an antimetabolite to eliminate proliferating glial cells and produce a pure culture of cerebellar granule neurons.

This video demonstrates the process for isolating spiral ganglion explants from the inner ear and co-culturing them with the organ of Corti on a multielectrode array. Spiral ganglia are carefully extracted and sectioned into smaller tissue sections or explants. These explants are cultured on the multielectrode array's active area to promote neuronal process outgrowth.

The video demonstrates a method for culturing primary retinal ganglion cells from zebrafish embryos. Early-stage embryos undergo dissection to isolate the eyes, which are subsequently mechanically dissociated into a suspension of retinal ganglion cells. This cell suspension is cultured on coverslips coated with adhesive proteins to facilitate axon development.

This video demonstrates a technique to generate neuronal cells from blood-derived pluripotent stem cells (BD-PSCs). The BD-PSCs are obtained via reprogramming blood progenitor cells. The undifferentiated BD-PSCs are cultured on cell culture substrate-coated coverslips using a neural induction medium and a neural differentiation medium, triggering differentiation into cells with a neuronal phenotype.

This video demonstrates a method for isolating and culturing microglia from rat brains. It entails separating microglia from other neuronal and non-neuronal cells using plates coated with a monoclonal antibody specific to microglia.

The video demonstrates the process of isolating and culturing neural stem cells from the mouse brain's subcallosal zone. It involves dissecting tissue, enzymatic dissociation, and culturing them with differentiation factors to develop into mature neural cells.

The video demonstrates the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to embryoid bodies (EBs) by the hanging drop method. Upon suspending the mESCs in hanging drops and incubating, the cells aggregate to form EBs, which are further differentiated into neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) using a differentiation medium supplemented with retinoic acid (RA).

This video demonstrates a detailed protocol for isolating the lateral ventricle walls from the adult mouse brain and performing enzymatic tissue dissociation to obtain single cells. These cells are then subjected to specific culture conditions that selectively enhance the proliferation of neural stem cells and promote their differentiation into co-cultures of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes.

This video demonstrates a technique for isolating induced neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) derived from adult human fibroblasts. It outlines the steps involved in isolating the iNPC colonies and culturing them in laminin-coated multi-well plate wells in the presence of suitable culture media that facilitate the continued proliferation and expansion of the iNPC population.

This video demonstrates the method for culturing ultra-low-density neurons in the presence of a high-density neuronal feeder layer. It establishes a co-culture of varying-density neurons, ensuring close physical proximity. The growth factors secreted by high-density neurons help neuronal survival and growth, maintaining ultra-low-density neurons for a longer time period.

This video demonstrates a technique for transforming undifferentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells into fully differentiated mature neurons using a systematic passaging technique. This involves culturing the cells in a series of media with gradually decreasing serum levels to inhibit the proliferation of epithelial-like cells while promoting the differentiation and proliferation of neuron-like cells. Additionally, the media is supplemented with retinoic acid and specific growth factors that...

This video demonstrates the isolation of cells from the sensory ganglia of mice. Ganglia are subjected to enzymatic digestion to dissolve the extracellular matrix. Single cells are then collected via filtering through a cell strainer followed by density gradient centrifugation for debris removal. Finally, washing and centrifugation are done to collect the isolated cells for future analysis.

This video demonstrates the dissociation and culture of hippocampal neurons from hippocampal tissue samples using enzymatic and mechanical dissociations. The treatment with Ara-C inhibits the growth of non-neuronal cells, facilitating the selective growth of hippocampal neurons.

This video outlines a method for cultivating dopaminergic neurons from mouse embryonic brain tissue. The process includes treating the midbrain with a proteolytic enzyme, detaching the cells, and culturing them on polymer-coated coverslips in a nutrient-rich medium with antibiotics for their growth and long-term viability.

This video demonstrates the isolation and cultivation of cerebellar neural progenitor cells from a mouse pup's cerebellum. Cerebellar granule neuron progenitors are isolated and purified through differential adhesion, effectively removing astrocytes. These cultured progenitors subsequently differentiate into cerebellar granule neurons.

This video demonstrates a method to isolate fluorescently labeled neurons from a mouse brain.

This video demonstrates constructing a three-compartment cell culture system using collagen and non-reactive grease. This system is used to observe interactions between glioma cells and axons in real-time.

This video showcases a method for isolating vestibular neurons from a mouse pup's inner ear. It meticulously outlines the steps involved in dissecting the inner ear, harvesting the vestibular ganglion, and subsequently dissociating the ganglion into single cells. These cells are then cultured on glass-bottom dishes to establish a vestibular neuron culture.

This video demonstrates a technique for isolating and culturing oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) from the mouse pup brain cortex.

This video demonstrates a method to develop dorsal root ganglia or DRG explant culture and DRG-dissociated cell models using isolated mouse DRG tissues. These models help to study various mechanisms with neuron-glial interactions in a controlled environment.

The video demonstrates the preparation of colliculo-thalamocortical brain slices from mouse pup brains. An isolated brain is aligned on a marked slide and cut at an angle to align the auditory midbrain and forebrain in the same plane. The brain is then sliced using a vibratome, and the slices containing the major auditory midbrain and forebrain structures are transferred to a holding chamber for preservation.

This video demonstrates a method for harvesting neurons from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). DRG from a rat's spinal column is isolated, treated with enzymes, and then mechanically dissociated to obtain a single-cell suspension. The neurons are separated from glial cells using density gradient centrifugation and cultured in a growth medium.

This video presents a method for isolating neural stem/progenitor cells from the periventricular tissue of the spinal cord in adult rats. The technique includes incubating the tissue fragments in a solution containing proteolytic enzymes to disrupt the extracellular matrix and release the cells. Subsequently, the released cells are plated in a medium containing specific growth factors that enhance neural stem/progenitor proliferation and promote aggregation into three-dimensional neurospheres.

This video demonstrates a protocol to obtain a highly viable single-cell suspension from the mouse brain hippocampus using a combination of automated mechanical dissociation and a mixture of enzymes to aid in enzymatic digestion.

The video demonstrates the preparation of a single-cell suspension of immune cells from a murine brain tissue. It involves enzymatic digestion to release cells from the brain tissue, followed by density gradient centrifugation to isolate the immune cells based on their densities to obtain the single-cell suspension.

This video demonstrates a method to isolate primary oligodendrocyte cells from a neural cell suspension obtained from a mouse pup using magnetic separation. The technique employs magnetic beads coated with antibodies specific to oligodendrocyte antigens, enabling selective isolation of these cells.

This video outlines the isolation and culturing of Schwann cells from mouse spinal roots. Isolated cells are then cultured in specific media. Schwann cells are isolated via differential digestion and adherence. They are subsequently transferred to extracellular matrix-coated coverslips for attachment and proliferation.

This video demonstrates a detailed protocol for preparing horizontal hippocampal brain slices from mice, focusing on preserving the integrity of hippocampal fiber pathways. The process involves carefully bisecting and securing the brain, using a vibratome for slicing, and maintaining optimal tissue conditions with a carbogenated fluid, resulting in hippocampal brain slices ready for further experimentation.

The video demonstrates the generation of tilted amygdala slices from a mouse brain. The brain is positioned at an angle on the vibratome specimen stage to obtain slices containing the amygdala and axons from the medial prefrontal cortex that form synaptic connections with the amygdala. The brain slices are maintained at the physiological temperature to preserve the tissue for further experiments.

This video demonstrates the preparation of thin coronal brain slices from a murine brain, exposing the amygdala regions rich in synaptic connections from the medial prefrontal cortex. The slices are then recovered in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid to maintain neuronal viability.

This video demonstrates a protocol for extracting microglial cells from demyelinating lesions in mouse brains using magnetic cell sorting. The protocol involves dissecting the lesioned brain tissue containing microglial cells, treating the tissue with specific enzymes to obtain a single-cell suspension, and utilizing microglial receptor-specific magnetic beads to isolate the microglial cells.

This video demonstrates the isolation of multiple types of cells from mouse brain tissue. Tissue is first mechanically sheared using a tissue grinder in a salt solution to maintain an osmotic balance. The tissue homogenate is then subjected to density gradient centrifugation to remove cellular debris. Cells are then resuspended in a solution for further analysis.

This video demonstrates the procedure of isolating immune cells from mouse choroid plexuses. This procedure is used in neuroimmunology research to understand how immune cells in the choroid plexuses impact brain health and various neurological diseases.

The video demonstrated the method of isolating and culturing cells from a neonatal mouse brain. It involved enzymatic and mechanical dissociation of the brain, followed by culturing in growth media lacking neuronal growth factor to obtain a mixed glial population.

This video demonstrates the procedure for isolating and sorting nuclei from fresh-frozen human brain tissue using fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting (FANS), which enables the study of different cell populations for various neurological applications.

This video demonstrates a protocol to isolate cells from rat hippocampi, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia.

This video demonstrates the isolation of fluorescently labeled neurons from Caenorhabditis elegans. A cell suspension is obtained from transgenic worms engineered to express fluorescent protein-fused vesicular transmembrane transporters in cholinergic neurons. The fluorescently labeled neurons are then isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and maintained in culture.

The video demonstrates the preparation of cerebellum slices. It shows a detailed procedure for isolating the cerebellum from a chick embryo. The slices are then prepared from the dissected cerebellum using a tissue chopper for further experimental analysis.

This video demonstrates the procedure for isolating murine primary retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by using flow cytometry. This method allows for the future study of RGCs, with the goal of better understanding the major decline in visual acuity that results from the loss of functional RGCs in neurodegenerative diseases.

This video outlines the isolation of a mouse vomeronasal organ (VNO) and tissue preparation for vibratome sectioning. Sections are used to characterize the biophysical and physiological attributes of a specific group of sensory neurons.

This video demonstrates a protocol for isolating and culturing primary cerebral cortex cells from the dorsolateral telencephalon of mouse embryos.

This video demonstrates a technique for isolating and culturing dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells from the rat spinal column. DRGs excised from the spinal column are treated with enzymes and mechanically dissociated to obtain a single-cell suspension. The cells are cultured in a medium containing inhibitors and growth factors that limit glial cell proliferation and promote neuronal growth, respectively.

The video demonstrates the process of isolating and culturing dopamine neurons from the midbrain of mouse embryos. The isolated ventral midbrain floors are dissociated using enzymes. The resulting dopamine neurons are harvested and transferred into micro-islands inside multi-well plates. The cells are incubated with a dopamine neuron medium to maintain the cells at a high density inside the micro-islands.

This video demonstrates a method to differentiate human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) into neurons. The NPCs are introduced onto an established mouse astrocyte-rat cortical neuron co-culture, promoting NPC differentiation into neurons. The differentiation is confirmed by visualizing the cells under a confocal microscope.

This video showcases a technique for co-culturing glutamatergic neurons and pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) cells within a microfluidic device. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are introduced into the microfluidic system and incubated to promote their differentiation into mature cortical glutamatergic neurons. Following this, the pHGG cells are introduced onto the mature neurons, establishing a co-culture and enabling interactions between neurons and pHGG cells.

This video illustrates a method for establishing an indirect neuron-astrocyte co-culture using a compartmentalized approach. In this setup, neurons and astrocytes are spatially separated but share a conditioned medium. Neurotrophic factors released by astrocytes promote neuron differentiation and the formation of synaptic connections, suggesting neuron-glia interactions.

This video shows the co-culturing of murine dorsal root ganglion neurons and macrophages. Neurons are seeded on a coated plate, while macrophages are collected from an euthanized mouse, treated, and added to the culture insert. Treatment with db-cAMP activates neurons and prompts macrophages to adopt a pro-regenerative phenotype to support neuronal outgrowth.

This video demonstrates an assay for promoting the growth of neuron projections known as neurite outgrowth using the macrophage-conditioned medium. Co-culture neurons and macrophages with cAMP and harvest the macrophage-derived conditioned medium. Growing the neurons with the conditioned medium promotes neurite outgrowths. These outgrowths are fluorescently labeled and visualized using a fluorescence microscope.

This video demonstrates the process of preparing ventral hippocampal and nucleus accumbens tissues from mouse brains for co-culture. Neurons extend projections to form synaptic connections between the ventral hippocampal and nucleus accumbens tissues. This method allows studying neuronal interactions between these two brain regions, offering insights into cognition, behavior, and neurological disorders.

This video showcases a technique for establishing a co-culture of trigeminal neurons and primary dental pulp cells using a transwell filter. In this physically separated condition, mesenchymal cells obtained from dental pulp tissue secrete paracrine signaling molecules that traverse through the pores, promoting the differentiation and migration of neurons towards the mesenchymal cells establishing a co-culture system.

This video demonstrates a technique for establishing a co-culture of interneurons with perivascular endothelial cells. The cells are added to a one-well insert placed inside a culture dish. After the cells adhere to the dish, the insert is removed, allowing the cells to proliferate and interact and form a co-culture.

This video demonstrates the development of a 3D co-culture system. Mouse brain slices are placed on a membrane, and fluorescently labeled human brain tumor cells are allowed to grow on it. Once the system is ready, it is stained for imaging.

The video demonstrates the functional regeneration of propriospinal connections using a multi-electrode array (MEA)-based assay. The spinal cord slices are placed on the MEA and are allowed to fuse. The fused slices are mechanically separated by creating a lesion, inducing propriospinal neurons to grow over the lesion and connect the slices. The electrical activity of the slices is assessed to identify the regeneration of functional connections.

The video demonstrates the isolation of tumor-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a mouse brain using mechanical dissociation and enzymatic digestion. This is followed by density gradient centrifugation to collect the immune cells for further analysis.

This video demonstrates a technique for the selective removal of microglia from a primary rat neuronal culture. Cerebellar granule neurons are treated with an antimetabolite to eliminate proliferating glial cells. Additionally, they are treated with lysosome-targeting agents to deplete microglia from the culture.

This video demonstrates a procedure for co-culturing the astrocytes and neurons to form 3D spheres. These 3D spheres provide a distinct platform for examining synapse formation and neural network integration, thereby serving as a potential model for research in developmental neuroscience, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuropharmacological interventions.

This video demonstrates a procedure for isolating dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from rat embryos and co-culturing them with Schwann cell precursors to generate mature Schwann cells. The isolated DRGs are processed to isolate neurons and glial cells. The isolated cells are cultured to purify the neurons, which are then co-cultured with Schwann cell-like cells (SCLCs) in a co-culture medium. Interaction with the DRG neurons leads to the maturation of SCLCs into Schwann cells.

This video demonstrates the co-culturing of human brain pericyte, astrocyte, and endothelial cells. Each cell layer is formed separately and then cultured together, creating a three-layered system that mimics the cellular arrangement of the blood-brain...

This video demonstrates the establishment of a co-culture of human induced neurons (iNs) and induced oligodendrocyte precursor cells (iOPCs). iNs are mixed with iOPCs in a co-culture and then incubated to support the maturation of both iNs into neurons and iOPCs into oligodendrocytes. Neurons form synaptic connections with other neurons and oligodendrocytes, while oligodendrocytes develop myelin sheaths around the neurons' axons.

This video demonstrates the utilization of a microfluidic device to study the interactions between tooth germ pulp and trigeminal ganglia. It showcases the placement of tissues inside the microfluidic device and provides a detailed visualization of trigeminal neurite growth toward the tooth germ through the device's microgrooves. Additionally, it highlights the role of tooth-derived molecular factors in promoting or inhibiting neurite extension into the tooth germ pulp, which is crucial for...

This video demonstrates the procedure to isolate retinal ganglion neurons (RGNs) from a rat's retina and coculture them with olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) cells. This method allows for studying the neuro-regenerative potential of OEGs after neural injury.

This video demonstrates the method to differentiate human neural stem cells from neurospheres into neural and astrocyte progenitors using enzymatic treatment and culturing in a growth factor-rich medium, which eventually leads to maturation into specialized progenitor cells.

This video outlines the creation of forebrain-type organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), demonstrating the progression from stem cell aggregates to complex structures that mimic the brain's cortex and differentiate into various neuron types.

The video demonstrates the co-culturing of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with Schwann cells. DRG neurons are first grown on a pre-stretched membrane for aligned axon growth. Schwann cells are then introduced, which attach to the axons, insulating them and promoting neural cell survival and function.

This video demonstrates a protocol for enriching neuronal cultures from dorsal root ganglia by immunopanning, thereby improving their purity and utility for neurological research.

This video demonstrates a protocol to identify exogenous factors that initiate the reactivation of Drosophila brain neural stem cells from their quiescent state. Freshly hatched larvae are dissected to isolate their brains, which are then cultured in media with or without a test hormone to evaluate the hormone's potential to induce neural stem cell reactivation and proliferation.

This video demonstrates a protocol for co-culturing mouse brain endothelial cells and primary cortical stem cells and labeling the cell surface glycoproteins using Ac4ManNAz (azidosugar per-O-acetylated N-azidoacetylmannosamine). This method allows for selective enrichment and identification of cell surface proteins in primary cells.

This video demonstrates the coculturing model of a dorsal root ganglion explant and Schwann cells. In coculture conditions, ascorbic acid promotes the differentiation of Schwann cells into myelinating forms. Myelinating Schwann cells wrap the axons multiple times to create a myelin sheath, which is essential for nerve function.

This video describes the isolation of DRG neurons through enzymatic digestion, mechanical dissociation, and gradient centrifugation. The DRG cells are co-cultured with natural killer cells on an extracellular matrix to study the interaction between immune cells and sensory neurons.

This video demonstrates a technique for assessing retinoic acid activity in mouse embryos. Upon isolating cells from the mouse embryos, the cells are co-cultured with retinoic acid (RA) reporter cells. Embryonic cells produce RA, which induces beta-galactosidase expression in reporter cells, indicating RA activity in the embryonic cells.

This video demonstrates a technique to generate a three-dimensional co-culture model system of primary human corneal fibroblasts and differentiated neuronal cells. This co-culture system can be used to study the stromal-nerve interactions.

The video demonstrates a protocol that uses serum-free media to generate neural progenitors from mouse embryonic stem cells. The desired concentration of embryonic stem cells, suspended in serum-free media, is plated on gelatin-coated coverslips. At an optimal cell density, cells produce autocrine signaling factors, which, along with the neural differentiation-inducing factors in the serum-free media, trigger the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neural progenitors.

This video showcases the development and differentiation of human neural stem cells within a three-dimensional scaffold. A laminin coating on the scaffold promotes cell attachment, while a growth factor-free neural medium induces cell differentiation into neural progenitor cells, which extend their processes within a porous architecture in multiple directions, forming a three-dimensional...

This video demonstrates an in vitro method to generate postganglionic sympathetic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). hPSCs are differentiated into neural crest cells (NCCs) on a basement membrane matrix support using a differentiation medium. The NCCs are then dissociated and formed into spheroids using another differentiation medium. Finally, the spheroids are transformed into postganglionic sympathetic neurons using a sympathetic neuron medium.

This video demonstrates the generation and differentiation of primary neurospheres. Neural stem cells from zebrafish, in the presence of growth factors, proliferate into free-floating neurospheres with self-renewal capacity, which later differentiate into glial cells and neurons.

The video demonstrates a method for generating human brain organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells. It shows how the neurosphere forms a neuroectodermal layer, which suppresses the formation of other germ layers. The neurospheres are embedded in a 3D gel matrix and form neuroepithelial buds. When incubated with organoid media, these neuroepithelial buds differentiate into specific brain regions, resulting in the formation of mature brain organoids.

This video demonstrates the use of an extracellular matrix-coated microfluidic chip to differentiate neural stem and progenitor cells or NPCs through electrical stimulation. After seeding and adhering to the coated region, NPCs grow, and the application of a direct current triggers their differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.

This video demonstrates an assay to generate cerebral organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Human iPSCs are induced to form embryoid bodies (EBs). The EBs are cultured over a polymer scaffold using an induction medium, promoting differentiation into neural stem cells, progenitor cells, and immature neurons. Finally, the EBs are embedded in a matrix and transferred to a maintenance medium for cerebral organoid formation.

The video demonstrates the formation of neuromuscular junctions using a microfluidic device. Neural precursor cells and muscle progenitor cells are seeded into different wells within the device and left to mature into motor neurons and myotubes, respectively. The creation of a volume and chemical gradient leads to the development of active neuromuscular junctions.

This video demonstrates the development of a 3D neuronal culture coupled to a planar microelectrode array with hippocampal neurons. The isolated neurons form a 2D network on the microelectrode array's active area and adhere to glass microbeads in a multi-well plate with a membrane insert. Upon transferring these neuron-coated microbeads to the electrode, they organize into an interconnected 3D neural network.

This video demonstrates the process of generating neuron balls using a hanging drop culture technique. Within the hanging drops, cells move towards the bottom, self-assembled into three-dimensional structures forming neuron balls, which can be used for neurobiological studies.

This video demonstrates a method for tracking axonal transport in motor neurons using a microfluidic chamber system. It involves culturing mouse embryonic spinal cord tissues in polymer-coated wells with nutrient medium to induce axonal growth. The movement of fluorescent dye-stained organelles in live imaging, confirms the bidirectional axonal transport.

This video showcases the direct reprogramming of astrocytes expressing transforming factors into neurons. Transformation factors trigger a cascade of molecular events facilitating astrocyte-to-neuron conversion. The process is further supported by supplying specific agents and supplements through a neuronal differentiation medium.

This video demonstrates the process of preparing wedge-shaped brain slices in a laboratory setting. Using a vibratome, a wedge-shaped slice from a mouse's brain is crafted with varying thickness. This slice contains the auditory nerve root positioned on the thicker end, while the hearing-related neurons are located on the thinner end.

This video demonstrates a technique to promote neuronal differentiation by exposing nerve cells to gold nanorods and laser light, which forms cell projections supported by the βIII-tubulin. Staining and observing tubulin and the cell nucleus with epifluorescence microscopy reveals the cell outgrowths, indicating the nanorods' efficacy in neuronal differentiation.

This video demonstrates the uptake of fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by the neuronal cells via endocytosis. Growing these MNP-loaded neurons on the magnetically patterned substrate enables the attachment of the cells. The addition of a growth factor containing medium aids in the growth of neuron extensions, while the magnetic field of the substrate directs the orientation of the extension.

This video demonstrates the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, or hESCs, directly into neural progenitor cells without using feeder cells or any intermediate steps. The selective inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein or BMP and transforming growth factor-beta, or TGF-β, signaling pathways leads to hESCs differentiation into neural progenitor cells, or NPCs.

This video demonstrates a technique for preparing free-floating slice cultures from the adult human brain. Thin slices are generated from a brain section using a vibratome. These slices are then suspended in a culture medium supplemented with growth factors to maintain tissue viability.

This video demonstrates a method for preparing organotypic hippocampal slice cultures from the brain of a rat pup. It outlines the steps involved in the dissection of the hippocampus, slicing, and culture conditions required to promote cell viability and growth in the hippocampal slices, ultimately generating organotypic slice cultures.

This video describes a protocol to obtain brain slices using an N-Methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG)-based protective recovery method. A dissected brain is incubated in an aCSF with NMDG and HEPES to minimize neuronal cell death and damage during the sectioning. The section is allowed to recover in the aCSF to restore the cellular...

This video demonstrates a method for prolonged incubation of neuronal tissue of the retina. Eyecups containing retina are obtained from a mouse eye; the inner limiting membrane (ILM) is enzymatically digested to expose the neuronal cells of the retina, and either the treated eyecup or the isolated retina is transferred to a specialized incubator for prolonged incubation at a low temperature.

This video demonstrates a technique for generating mature cerebellar organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using a single-use 3D bioreactor. The bioreactor facilitates iPSC aggregate formation, which then undergoes treatment with a series of culture media enriched in growth factors and chemokines that induce the differentiation of the iPSC aggregates into mature cerebellar organoids. Subsequently, the organoids are harvested and cryopreserved for further analysis.

This video demonstrates a technique to establish a three-dimensional culture of glial cells. Rat-brain-derived glial cells are encapsulated within a photocrosslinkable polymer matrix containing extracellular matrix components. Upon incubating in a growth medium, the glial cells proliferate within the supporting matrix to create a three-dimensional culture.

The video demonstrates a method to generate astrospheres from progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells. It involves the growth and proliferation of stem cells with nutrient media containing growth factors and kinase inhibitors. These cells then aggregate and differentiate into astrocytes, forming astrospheres.

This video demonstrates the generation of neural progenitor cells from non-transgenic and transgenic human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). hPSCs are differentiated into neural progenitor cells using a neuronal differentiation medium. While differentiation is induced in non-transgenic cells using small molecules, the transgenic hPSCs are differentiated by adding an antibiotic that induces the promoter for a neuronal differentiation-specific transcription factor.

This video demonstrates a method for obtaining Schwann cell-like cells from multipotent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Initially, the BMSCs undergo hypoxia treatment, followed by directed differentiation into neuronal progenitor cells. Subsequently, specific media and culture conditions are employed to induce the transformation of these progenitor cells into Schwann cell-like cells.

This video demonstrates a method to generate three-dimensional astrocyte scaffolds within hydrogel micro-columns. The inside of the microcolumns are coated with collagen. Astrocytes are introduced, which adhere to collagen and, with further incubation, self-assemble into a three-dimensional scaffold.

This video showcases the creation of a 3D polarized neural tissue model utilizing silk-collagen scaffolds. It details the process of seeding neuronal cells on porous silk scaffolds, incubating for cell attachment, embedding the scaffold with collagen, and underscores the significance of the supportive collagen matrix in forming a 3D polarized neural tissue model.

The video showcases a method to detach and replant human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons using a mild proteolytic enzyme. After filtration and centrifugation, the neurons are replated on a coated multi-well plate for incubation, promoting attachment and maturation.

This video demonstrates the method of creating motor nerve organoids by first culturing human induced pluripotent stem cells in a special medium to form spheroids, then differentiating them into motor neurons using specific inhibitors, and finally cultivating them in a microfluidic chip to extend axons and form motor nerve organoids.

This video presents a method for triggering differentiation in neural stem cells by utilizing cold atmospheric plasma. This generates UV radiation and reactive molecules to stimulate nerve cells to produce projections, indicating neuronal cell differentiation.

This video presents a method for generating cortical interneuron precursors from mouse embryonic stem cells. The protocol entails culturing the stem cells in media containing specific small molecule inhibitors, which facilitate stem cell proliferation and aggregation into embryoid bodies (EBs). Subsequently, the EBs are dissociated with enzymes and plated on culture plate wells coated with adhesion proteins to promote their differentiation into cortical interneuron precursors.

This video demonstrates the direct reprogramming of genetically modified hematopoietic progenitor cells into neuronal stem cells. Transcription factors expressed by hematopoietic progenitor cells trigger a cascade of molecular events facilitating their transformation. Further specific media is used to select and grow induced neuronal stem cells.

This video demonstrates the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence specific genes of interest in neural stem cells and differentiate them into desired cell types using appropriate differentiation medium. This procedure enables the study of the critical role of specific genes in the differentiation process of neural stem cells.

This video demonstrates the process for differentiating induced neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) into neurons and astrocytes using specialized media.

This video demonstrates a method for the in vitro generation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The mESCs are cultured in suspension to form embryoid bodies (EBs), which are then guided to differentiate into NPCs via retinoic acid treatment in an adherent culture.

The video showcased a cell culture method for differentiating neural progenitor cells into neurons. By incubating cells in a nutrient-rich medium supplemented with growth factors, the progenitor cells matured into neurons with developed axons and dendrites. A stabilizing agent ensured cell viability and protected against oxidative damage throughout the differentiation process.

This video demonstrates a modified roller tube method for the long-term culturing of brain slices from a rodent model. First, the brain slices are attached to coverslips. Then, flat-sided roller tubes with a hole on the flat side are taken, and the coverslips are positioned on the hole using adhesive discs. Finally, a nutrient medium and a carbon dioxide and air mixture are added to the tube, and the tubes are incubated with a rolling motion.

This video demonstrates a technique for the rapid initiation and extension of a neuron and creation of new connections with a target neuron using a microfluidic device and micromanipulation. This could be used for therapies that aim to reconnect neuronal circuits after trauma or in neurodegenerative diseases.

The video demonstrates the generation of neurons from adult human dermal fibroblasts (aHDFs). The aHDFs are reprogrammed using a lentiviral vector carrying genes for neuronal transcription factors and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). The shRNAs inhibit the expression of a neuronal transcriptional repressor, and the neuronal transcription factors activate genes to differentiate aHDFs into neurons. These reprogrammed aHDFs are cultured in an early and a late neuronal conversion medium to generate...

The video demonstrates the generation and maintenance of organotypic slice cultures from glioblastoma tissue. The isolated tissue is embedded in an agarose matrix, and thin sections are obtained using a vibratome. These sections are then placed on permeable membrane inserts within a microplate and cultured in a slice culture maintenance media for long-term maintenance.

This video demonstrates a protocol for isolating and culturing Schwann cells from human dermis tissues. The human dermis contains various cell types, including fibroblasts and Schwann cells. After isolation, the cells are treated with an antimitotic agent to eliminate proliferating fibroblasts, resulting in a pure culture of Schwann cells.

The video demonstrates the process of creating a 3D bioprinted construct using astrocytes suspended in a bioink solution. The bioprinted construct, after crosslinking, facilitates astrocyte adhesion and their spreading, forming neural-like tissue.

This video demonstrates how gliomaspheres, derived from brain tumors, are separated into single cells and encapsulated in a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel. This process promotes cell-cell interactions, forming a structured, three-dimensional glioblastoma model.

This video illustrates a technique for obtaining cerebellar organotypic slices from a mouse pup's brain and culturing the slices in media supplemented with nutrients and growth factors to mimic cerebellar development in vitro. Additionally, specific cerebellar slices are treated with a test compound, and the compound's neuroprotective ability is analyzed using an immunofluorescence staining technique.

This video describes the preparation and cultivation of brain tumor organoids from single-cell suspension. Using a laminin-rich extracellular matrix as a scaffold and culture media for nutrients, cells are facilitated to multiply and self-organize within the organoid. Consequently, ex vivo organoids are generated, mimicking cellular diversity and the microenvironment of brain tumors.

This video demonstrates the process of generating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) from human embryonic stem cells, followed by the maturation of OPCs to oligodendrocytes. This process of generating oligodendrocytes opens numerous avenues to improve research and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's.

This video demonstrates a protocol for differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells into cerebellar progenitors. It involves transferring stem cell colonies to an ultra-low attachment plate to form embryoid bodies, promoting differentiation with growth factors, and then transferring the embryoid bodies onto a matrix-coated plate for adhesion. Subsequent steps involve inducing cell migration and adding a maturation medium to guide the development of glutamatergic and GABAergic cerebellar...

This video demonstrates the process of differentiating embryoid bodies (EBs) into neuroepithelial aggregates and their subsequent division into neuronal and glial cells. This method allows the efficient generation of neuronal and glial cells in vitro, which serve as test systems for toxicity testing as well as assessment of different pathways involved in neurotoxicity.

This video demonstrates the process of isolating and culturing glial progenitor cells from diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, or DIPG-affected brainstem tissue. Glial cells isolated from tumor tissue via an enzymatic digestion are cultured in a neurobasal medium, which promotes their growth and the development of free-floating neurospheres.

This video showcases a method for differentiating spinal cord neural progenitor cells (NPCs) into motor neurons. It details the culturing process of the NPCs on a coated culture plate using specialized media enriched with specific inhibitors aimed at facilitating NPC differentiation into mature motor neurons.

This video demonstrates the transformation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into spherical brain organoids. By using specific inhibitors, the hPSCs are guided to differentiate towards a neuronal lineage, forming neuroectodermal colonies. Special growth factors are then introduced, which encourage the self-organization and proliferation of the colonies, ultimately leading to the formation of spherical brain organoids.

The video demonstrates the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) using a microfluidic device comprising a somatic and an axonal compartment separated by a microgroove barrier. NSCs are introduced into the somatic compartment and are allowed to adhere. The NSCs differentiate into neurons inside the somatic compartment and extend axons through the microgroove barrier to the axonal compartment.

This video demonstrates a method for isolating stem cells from the postnatal mouse cerebellum and differentiating them into neural cells. Stem cells from the isolated cell suspension are purified using antibody-coated magnetic beads and are cultured to form neurospheres. The neurospheres are then maintained in a differentiation medium to generate neural cells.

This video demonstrates the isolation of satellite cells from rat head branchiomeric muscle tissues through tissue dissection, enzymatic digestion, and subsequent mechanical and centrifugal purification. The cells are then seeded on extracellular matrix-coated wells for differentiation into myoblasts, and eventually into myotubes and mature muscle fibers.

This video demonstrates a simple technique for retinoic acid-induced neurogenesis in P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells. Retinoic acid activates transcription factors and triggers gene expression for neuronal differentiation.

The video demonstrates the method to induce stem cell differentiation into neural progenitors using retinoic acid and the hanging drop culture method.

The video demonstrates a protocol for differentiating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into oligodendrocytes and inducing myelination in a co-culture with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The OPCs are transduced with lentiviral vectors encoding a signaling protein that regulates myelination. The transduced OPCs are co-cultured with DRG neurons to assess the differentiation into oligodendrocytes and the signaling protein-induced myelination.

This video demonstrates the production of oligodendrocyte-conditioned medium (OCM) from oligodendrocyte lineage cells by stressing them to enhance their molecular release into the medium. This medium, which is rich in growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules, can be added to neuron cultures to gain insight into the impact of oligodendrocytes-secreted factors on neuronal physiology and connectivity.

This video illustrates a technique for isolating cranial neural folds from the midbrain region of chick embryos. It presents a detailed dissection process of the neural folds, their placement, and attachment on fibronectin-coated coverslips, followed by the observation of neural crest cell migration from the neural folds.

This video demonstrates a technique for generating cerebral organoids from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The adherent culture of hESC colonies is treated with enzymes to detach and break them into clusters. These clusters form three-dimensional spheres in suspension, which are then induced to differentiate into organoids that mimic the brain cortex with layers of neurons and glial cells.

The video demonstrates the isolation of oculomotor, trochlear, and spinal motor neurons from a transgenic mouse embryo. The embryo expresses motor neurons labeled with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) for easy visualization and identification. The motor neurons are surgically isolated under a fluorescence microscope and maintained in a culture medium.

The video outlines the procedure for maintaining a controlled environment in a cell culture workstation for the growth and maintenance of neuronal stem cells. These procedures involve setting chamber conditions, cleaning protocols, and media preparation, Thus, maintaining maximum sterility and reproducibility and replacing the traditional methods.

This video demonstrates a technique for purifying CD31+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from a culture using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). The cell suspension is treated with a fluorophore-conjugated antibody that binds to CD31 on the EPCs. Completing the labeling of CD31+ EPCs involves adding an antibody complex, which binds to the fluorophores, and a polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticle, which binds to the antibody complex. The labeled cells are then purified using a magnetic...

This video demonstrates the process of neurosphere formation and their expansion from hippocampal tissue. Neural stem and progenitor cells from the postnatal mouse dentate gyrus tissue proliferate and form primary neurospheres, which are then reseeded to form secondary neurospheres.

This video demonstrates a protocol to induce the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into brain endothelial cells.

This video demonstrates a technique for isolating and culturing fluorescently labeled neural crest-derived adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from murine periaortic arch adipose tissue. Following isolation, the NCADSCs are detected, sorted using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and subsequently cultured on a plate, promoting cell proliferation.

This video demonstrates a method for isolating enteric glial cells from the submucosa and lamina propria of the mouse intestine. It outlines the steps involved in extracting submucosa and lamina propria tissue, isolating the enteric glial cells from them, and culturing the cells on a coated well-plate to establish an enteric glial cell culture.

This video demonstrates the isolation of capillaries from fresh porcine brains. The process involves removing the meninges, isolating the grey matter from the brain tissue, homogenizing and filtering the grey matter to isolate the capillaries, and finally using enzymatic digestion to purify the capillaries further.

This video demonstrates the process of isolating brain microvessels from euthanized rats. It includes the dissection of the brain, cleaning of the tissue, and mechanical digestion, followed by repeated centrifugation to isolate the pure fraction of microvessels.

This video describes a method for preparing glass coverslips coated with polyornithine and laminin to enhance the adhesion and growth of neural stem cells. The technique involves sequential incubations and washes, facilitating the formation of a supportive matrix that promotes neuronal cell growth and differentiation, mimicking structures found in the neurons.

This experiment details a method for generating neuromuscular junctions from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. It uses a staged differentiation process to promote myotube and motor neuron development and synapse formation, yielding functional neuromuscular junctions.

This video demonstrates the method for enhancing stem cell differentiation with transient DMSO treatment, which arrests cells in the G1 phase. Post-treatment, an ectodermal differentiation medium with BMP and TGF-β inhibitors is added to promote neural precursor formation.

This video demonstrates a method for isolating cerebral pericytes from a mouse brain. The isolated cells are cultured in pericyte-specific media to promote pericyte proliferation.

This video showcases the utilization of a lateral soft light illumination technique to improve the naked-eye visualization of embryoid bodies, thereby facilitating their manipulation and transfer during cerebral organoid culture. It elucidates the setup of soft light illumination, methods for media changes and embryoid body transfer, as well as the procedure for inducing neural differentiation in embryoid bodies for cerebral organoid development.

The video describes the preparation of a micropatterned substrate to study cell phenotype specification. A protein-coated micropatterned PDMS stamp is used to transfer the micropattern on a PDMS-coated coverslip. The coverslip is then treated with a surfactant to hinder cell adhesion at the unwanted surfaces. Cells are then added to settle in the pattern and incubated for further analysis.

This video demonstrates a method for isolating the endothelial tubes from mouse cerebral parenchyma. Through a combination of enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation, the process yields an intact tube with endothelial cells.

This video demonstrates a technique for culturing bovine intervertebral discs in bioreactors to develop a three-dimensional organ culture model. Specific nutrient-deprived media and degenerative pressure conditions are applied to the discs, mimicking the pro-inflammatory and degenerative microenvironment observed during early-stage intervertebral disc disease. The disc heights are measured post-treatment to analyze the effects of nutrient deprivation and degenerative loading.

This video demonstrates the process of inducing human pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into neurons by transfecting them with engineered lentiviruses carrying a neurogenic transcription factor gene under the control of tetracycline-responsive element, followed by treatment with a tetracycline derivative and maturation medium.

This video demonstrates a technique for embryonic stem cell differentiation into a networked population of neurons with functioning synapses. It outlines the steps involved in embryonic stem cell differentiation into neurons, induction of neuronal network formation, and enrichment of the culture with networked neurons.

This video demonstrates a method for isolating Schwann cells from mouse sciatic nerve fibers.

The video demonstrates a method for isolating intact nuclei from glial and stem cells in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). The DG tissue is mechanically dissociated in a cold homogenization buffer to release the nuclei. Tissue debris and other released organelles are discarded, and the nuclei are stained with a DNA stain and a fluorophore-conjugated antibody specific for the neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN). Fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting is then employed to isolate the...

This video demonstrates cell fate reprogramming of nematode germ cells into neurons. Transgenic larvae of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are subjected to RNA interference (RNAi) to knock down a specific chromatin-regulating factor, making the germ cells of their progeny more susceptible to cell fate reprogramming. Heat shock is applied to the progeny, inducing the germ cells to express a neuron-specific transcription factor that triggers their transformation into neurons, which is...

This video demonstrates the procedure of the differentiation of human pluripotent cells into microglia-like cells. The process involves forming embryoid bodies, transferring them to coated wells, and using specific growth factors to guide differentiation into primitive macrophage precursors, which finally differentiate into microglia-like cells.

This video demonstrates the culturing of Müller glial (MG) cells isolated from mouse retinas. Retinas are dissociated into a single-cell suspension using digestive enzymes. Cells are then grown in a medium with a growth factor that promotes MG cell proliferation and neuronal cell mortality. Dead neuronal cells are removed while passaging, and MG cells are grown for further analysis.

This video demonstrates a technique for isolating and culturing primary mixed glial cells from adult mouse spinal cord tissue. The protocol involves enzymatic digestion of the tissue, followed by the removal of broken cell membranes and myelin debris to obtain a single-cell population. The cells are then cultured in media optimized for mixed glial cell growth.

This video demonstrates the differentiation of immortalized multipotent otic progenitor (iMOP) cells into sensory epithelial cells. It outlines the steps involved in culturing iMOP cells, forming otospheres, inducing differentiation, and visualizing cellular components and differentiation markers through fluorescence microscopy to confirm successful cell differentiation.

The video demonstrates the differentiation of immortalized multipotent otic progenitors (iMOPs) into spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and immunofluorescence-based confirmation of the differentiation. The iMOPs are plated onto culture substrate-coated coverslips in a neuronal differentiation medium for differentiation into SGNs. The differentiated cells are labeled with antibodies specific for neuronal differentiation markers and analyzed under a microscope to confirm differentiation.

This video demonstrates the ex vivo culture and imaging of oculomotor slices from transgenic mouse embryos. The embryos are isolated and embedded in agarose. Using a vibratome, slices containing the oculomotor nuclei and eyes are obtained. The slices are maintained in culture and imaged using a fluorescence microscope.

This video demonstrates a multi-step process for differentiating human iPSCs into brain microvascular endothelial cells. The resulting differentiated cells closely mimic brain microvascular endothelial cells, characterized by tight junctions, making them ideal for research on brain diseases.

This video demonstrates a method to isolate neurons from the forebrain of an early-stage chick embryo and culture them on a microelectrode array to form a neuronal network.

This video showcases creating a blood-brain barrier chip using iPSC-derived precursor cells. It involves seeding neural progenitor cells and brain microvascular endothelial cells in separate channels with a porous membrane. By flowing differentiation media, the endothelial cells form tight junctions resembling blood vessels, and the neural cells mature into various brain cell types, establishing a functional blood-brain barrier on the chip.

The video demonstrates the preparation of medial thalamus-anterior cingulate cortex (MT-ACC) slices from mouse brains. A mouse's brain is dissected, cuts are made to expose the MT-ACC pathway, and slices are generated using a vibratome. The MT-ACC slices are then maintained in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid.

This video demonstrates a technique to generate a glioblastoma stem cell reporter line to identify the differentiation of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) into astroglia. It outlines the steps involved in seeding GSCs, transducing them with a lentivirus encoding GFP, and determining GFP reporter expression through flow cytometry.

This video shows infecting primary mouse midbrain neurons with Adeno-Associated Viruses carrying a fluorescent calcium indicator. The indicator's fluorescence confirms successful infection and enables real-time monitoring of neuronal infection.

The video demonstrates a method for obtaining rhinal cortex-hippocampus slices from a rat pup's brain and culturing them in membranous inserts within a multi-well plate filled with media for further analysis.

This video demonstrates the dissection and mounting of brain explants from Drosophila larvae. The central nervous system (CNS), attached to eye disks, is extracted from the larvae and then mounted on a glass slide in a physiological saline solution.

The video demonstrates a technique for differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Initially, the hiPSCs are cultured on a feeder layer of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Subsequently, the cells are detached and transferred to a biopolymer-coated plate to allow the MEFs to adhere to and separate from the hiPSCs. The suspended hiPSCs are then transferred to a V-bottom plate and centrifuged to form aggregates. Finally, the addition of a...

The video describes the procedure for developing serum-free embryoid bodies (SFEBs) from neuronal progenitor cells using various serum-free differentiation mediums or DM. DM-2 facilitates neurons' maturation and arrangement to form SFEBs, while DM-3 is used for further growth maintenance.

This video demonstrates the process of culturing neuronal cells on a patterned multi-electrode array (MEA) to establish modular neuronal networks. This method allows the study of neural signal transmission and cellular interactions.

This video showcases the process of differentiating human iPSCs into motor neurons. The rationale involves utilizing iPSCs that have been genetically modified to express specific transcription factors. When cultured in a media containing doxycycline, this antibiotic triggers the expression of transcription factors, thereby promoting iPSC differentiation into motor neuron progenitors. Ultimately, the progenitors are cultured in a neuronal medium to yield mature and functional motor neurons.