Optogenetic Stimulation and Electrophysiological Recording of Synaptic Events in Rat Brain Slices

Abstract

Source: Kinnavane, L., et al. Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex. J. Vis. Exp. (2022)

This video demonstrates the procedure for studying synaptic efficiency in the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) by optogenetically stimulating medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) axons and recording the responses of pyramidal neurons in the LEC. This method combines patch-clamp recordings with synaptic activation by light stimulation to study synaptic plasticity.

Protocol

All procedures involving animal samples have been reviewed and approved by the appropriate animal ethical review committee.

1. Electrophysiology and optogenetic stimulation

1. Identification of target cell.
   1. Place the slice into a submerged recording chamber at 34 °C perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) at a rate of 2 mL/min by a peristaltic pump. Immobilize the slice using a slice anchor.
   2. Under the low magnification (4x) objective of a widefield microscope using oblique infrared illumination, navigate to lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) layer 5. Measure the....

Results

Figure 1: Slice collection chamber and optical configuration for visualized whole-cell recordings, optogenetic excitation, and identification of tdTomato-positive neurons. (A) The slice collection chamber14 is custom-made from a microcentr.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
3 way luer valve	Cole-Parmer	WZ-30600-02
40x objective	Olympus	LUMPLFLN40XW
4-aminopyridine	Hello Bio	HB1073
4x objective	Olympus	PLN4X/0.1
Achromatic lens	Edmund Optics	49363	Focusses visual spectrum and near-IR
Benchtop microcentrifuge	Benchmark Scientific	C1005*
Biocytin	Sigma-Aldrich	B4261
Borosillicate glass capillary	Warner Instruments	G150F-6
CaCl2	Sigma-Aldrich	C5670
Camera - Qimaging Retiga Electro	Photometrics	01-ELECTRO-M-14-C
Carbachol	Tocris	2810
Chlorhexidine surgical scrub	Vetasept	XHG008
Clippers	Andis	22445	AGC Super 2-Speed Detachable Blade Clipper
Collimation condenser lens	ThorLabs	ACL2520-A
Coverslips	Fisher Scientific Ltd	10011913
Cryostat	Leica	CM3050 S
CsMeSO4	Sigma-Aldrich	C1426
Cyanoacrylate glue	Rapid Electronics Ltd	84-4557
Data acquisition device	National Instruments	USB-6341 BNC
D-glucose	Sigma-Aldrich	G8270
Dichroic mirror 500 nm long-pass	Edmund Optics	69899
Dichroic mirror 600 nm long-pass	Edmund Optics	69901
Dichroic mirror cube	ThorLabs	CM1-DCH/M
EGTA	Millpore	324626
Electrode holder with side port	HEKA	895150
Emission filter	Chroma	59022m
Excitation filter	Chroma	ET570/20x
Eye gel	Dechra	Lubrithal
Fine paint brush	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	BRU2052
Guillotine	World Precision Instruments	DCAP
HEPES	Sigma-Aldrich	H3375
Hydrogen peroxide solution	Sigma-Aldrich	H1009	30% (w/w)
Isoflurane	Henry Schein	988-3245
Isopentane	Sigma-Aldrich	M32631
KCl	Sigma-Aldrich	P3911
k-gluconate	Sigma-Aldrich	G4500
Kinematic fluorescence filter cube	ThorLabs	DFM1T1
LED driver	ThorLabs	LEDD1B
MgATP	Sigma-Aldrich	A9187
MgCl	Sigma-Aldrich	M2670
MgSO4	Sigma-Aldrich	M7506
Microelectrode puller	Sutter instruments	P-87
Microinjection syringe	Hamilton	7634-01/00
Microinjection syringe needle	Hamilton	7803-05	Custom specification: gauge 33, length 15mm, point style 4 - 12°
Microinjection syringe pump	World Precision Instruments	UMP3T-1
Mounted blue LED	ThorLabs	M470L5
Na2HPO4.7H2O	Sigma-Aldrich	S9390
NaCl	Sigma-Aldrich	S9888
NaGTP	Sigma-Aldrich	G8877
NaH2PO4	Sigma-Aldrich	S0751
NaH2PO4.H2O	Sigma-Aldrich	S9638
NaHCO3	Sigma-Aldrich	S5761
NIR LED	OSRAM	SFH4550	Used for refracted IR imaging of slice, differential interference contrast (DIC) optics is another commonly used method
Paraformaldehyde	Sigma-Aldrich	158127
Paraformaldehyde	Sigma-Aldrich	P6148
Patch clamp amplifier	Molecular Devices	700A
Peristaltic pump	World Precision Instruments	Ministar
Poly-L-lysine coated microscope slides	Fisher Scientific Ltd	23-769-310
Recording chamber	Warner Instruments	RC-26G
Slice anchor	Warner Instruments	SHD-26-GH/15
Stereotaxic holder for micro drill	Harvard Apparatus	75-1874
Sucrose	Sigma-Aldrich	S0389
Surgical Microscope	Carl Zeiss	OPMI 1 FR pro
Syringe filter for intracellular recording solution	Thermo Scientific Nalgene	171-0020
Upright fluorescence microscope	Leica	DM6 B
Solution
aCSF
sucrose cutting solution
PFA