Establishing a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rat Model Induced by Autologous Blood Injection

Abstract

Source: Bömers, J. et al. Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model. J. Vis. Exp. (2021)

This video demonstrates the procedure for establishing a subarachnoid hemorrhage rat model. An anesthetized rat is implanted with probes to measure intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. The target site is identified, and the needle is inserted at a pre-chiasmatic position. Autologous blood is then injected into the subarachnoid space, increasing intracranial pressure and decreasing cerebral blood flow, establishing the model.

Protocol

All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review board.

1. Preparations

1. Modify a 16 G peripheral vein catheter for intubation. To modify, shorten the needle by 1 cm and bend the remaining distal 1 cm by 30° toward the injection valve. Remove the catheter wings (multiple use).
2. To make an intracranial pressure or ICP probe, cut a 20 mm piece of polythene tubing (inner diameter (ID): 0.58 mm, outer diameter (OD): 0.96 mm) and burn one end to make a circular plate, keeping an open lumen. Circumv....

Results

Figure 1: Overview of the setup before induction of SAH. From the top of the picture, note that the 1) injection needle, 2) laser-Doppler probe, and 3) the ICP probe are all in place.

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
16 G peripheral vein catheter	BD Venflon	393229	Needle shortened, distal 1 cm curved. Wings removed
Anesthesia bell/ chamber	Unknown
Blood gas analyzer	Radiometer	ABL80
Blood pressure (BP) monitor	Adinstruments	ML117	Connects to Powerlab
Curved forceps, 12 cm x 3	F.S.T	11001-12	For anesthesia
Cylindrical pillow, 28 cm x 4 cm	Homemade		Made from surgical towels
Data acquisition hardware	Adinstruments	ML870 Powerlab
Data acquistion software	Adinstruments	LabChart 6.0
Drill	KMD	1189
Drill controller	Silfradent	300 IN
Flexible light	Schott	KL200
Heating pad	Minco	1135
Hypodermic needle, 20 G	KD Medical	301300	Connects to stereotaxic frame
ICP monitor	Adinstruments	ML117	Connects to Powerlab
Isoflurane vaporizer	Ohmeda	TEC3
Laptop	Lenovo	T410
Laser doppler monitor	Adinstruments	ML191
Laser doppler probe	Oxford Optronics	MSF100XP	Connects to laser doppler monitor
Needle holder, 13 cm	F.S.T	12001-13	For anesthesia
Precision syringe, 0.025 mL	Hamilton	547407
Stereotaxic frame	Kopf Instruments	M900
Surgical microscope	Carl Zeiss	F170
Suture needle	Allgaier	1245	For anesthesia
Temperaure controller	CWE,INC.	TC-1000
Transducer x 2	Adinstruments	MLT0699	Connects to BP and ICP monitor
Ventilator	Ugo Basile	7025
Veterinary clipper	Aesculap	GT421
3-pronged Blair retractor, 13.5 cm	Agnthos	17022--13
Blunt Alm retractor	F.S.T	17008-07
Curved forceps, 12 cm x 2	F.S.T	11001-12
Needle holder, 13 cm	F.S.T	12001-13
Straight Dumont forceps, 11 cm	F.S.T	11252-00
Straight Halsted-Mosquito hemostat x 2	F.S.T	13008-12
Straight Iris scissor, 9 cm	F.S.T	14090-09
Straight Vannas scissor, 10.5 cm	F.S.T	15018-10
Absorpable swabs	Kettenbach	31603
Black silk thread, 4-0, 5 x 15 cm	Vömel	14757
Bone wax	Aesculap	1029754
Carbomer eye gel 2 mg/g	Paranova
Cotton swab	Heinz Herenz	WA-1
Cotton tipped applicator x 4	Selefa	120788
Hypodermic needle, 23 G x2	KD Medical	900284	Connects to stopcock. Remove distal end
Hypodermic needle, 23 G x3	KD Medical	900284	Remove distal end. 2 connects to stopcock, 1 to syringe
ICP probe:	Homemade		Made of the following:
Polythene tubing, 20 mm	Smiths medical	800/100/200	Inner diameter (ID): 0.58 mm, Outer diameter (OD): 0.96 mm.
Silicone tubing, 10 mm	Fisher	15202710	ID: 0.76 mm, OD: 2.4 mm.
Silicone tubing, 2 mm	Fisher	11716513	ID: 1.0 mm, OD: 3.0 mm.
Micro hematocrit tubes	Brand	7493 11
OP-towel, 45 cm x75 cm	Mölnlycke	800430
PinPort adapter, 22 G	Instech	PNP3F22
PinPort injector	Instech	PNP3M
Polythene tubing, 2 x 20 cm	Smiths medical	800/100/200	Connects to syringe. ID: 0.58 mm, OD: 0.96 mm.
Rubberband	Unknown
Scalpel, 10 blade	Kiato	23110
Spinalneedle, 25 G x 3.5''	Braun	5405905-01
Stopcock system, Discofix x 2	Braun	16494C	Connects to transducer
Suture, 4-0, monofil, non-resorbable x 3	Ethicon	EH7145H
Syringe, 1 mL	BD Plastipak	1710023
Syringe, luer-lock, 10 mL x 4	BD Plastipak	305959	Connects to transducer
Tissue adhesive glue	3M	1469SB
0.5% Chlorhexidine spirit	Faaborg Pharma	210918
Carprofen 50 mg/mL	ScanVet	43715	Diluted 1:10
Isoflurane	Baxter
Isotonic saline	Amgros	16404
Lidocaine-Adrenaline 10 mg/5 µg/mL	Amgros	16318