Study of Siphon Breaker Experiment and Simulation for a Research Reactor

Summary

The siphon breaking phenomenon was investigated experimentally and a theoretical model was proposed. A simulation program based on the theoretical model was developed and the results of the simulation program were compared with experimental results. It was concluded that the results of the simulation program matched the experimental results well.

Abstract

Under the design conditions of a research reactor, the siphon phenomenon induced by pipe rupture can cause continuous outward flow of water. To prevent this outflow, a control device is required. A siphon breaker is a type of safety device that can be utilized to control the loss of coolant water effectively.

To analyze the characteristics of siphon breaking, a real-scale experiment was conducted. From the results of the experiment, it was found that there are several design factors that affect the siphon breaking phenomenon. Therefore, there is a need to develop a theoretical model capable of predicting and analyzing the siphon breaking phenomenon under various design conditions. Using the experimental data, it was possible to formulate a theoretical model that accurately predicts the progress and the result of the siphon breaking phenomenon. The established theoretical model is based on fluid mechanics and incorporates the Chisholm model to analyze two-phase flow. From Bernoulli's equation, the velocity, quantity, undershooting height, water level, pressure, friction coefficient, and factors related to the two-phase flow could be obtained or calculated. Moreover, to utilize the model established in this study, a siphon breaker analysis and design program was developed. The simulation program operates on the theoretical model basis and returns the result as a graph. The user can confirm the possibility of the siphon breaking by checking the shape of the graph. Furthermore, saving the entire simulation result is possible and it can be used as a resource for analyzing the real siphon breaking system.

In conclusion, the user can confirm the status of the siphon breaking and design the siphon breaker system using the program developed in this study.

Introduction

The number of reactors using plate-type fuel, such as the Jordan Research and Training Reactor (JRTR) and KiJang Research Reactor (KJRR), has increased recently. In order to connect the plate-type fuel easily, the research reactor requires a core downward flow. Since research reactors require net positive suction head of the primary cooling system, some cooling system components could potentially be installed below the reactor. However, if pipe rupture occurs in the primary cooling system below the reactor, the siphon effect causes continuous drainage of coolant that could result in the exposure of the reactor to the air. This means that the residual heat cannot be re....

Protocol

1. Experimental Procedure^4,5,6

1. Preparation step
   1. Check the experimental facility. Based on the test matrix, carefully check the test matrix test conditions, such as LOCA size, SBL size, siphon breaker types, and the presence of orifice, before the experiment. Also, test to confirm that the instrumentations and components of the facility work properly without data noise or malfunctions.
   2. Fill the upper tank with water using the return pump installed inside the lower tank.
   3. Remove the residual air inside SBL. Use a vacuum pump and buff....

Results

The entire process of siphon breaking consists of three stages. The first stage is the outflow of coolant due to the siphon effect. The second stage is the process of starting the inflow of air through the SBL to block the loss of coolant, called siphon breaking. The siphon breaking phenomenon can be seen as a sharp increase of absolute pressure in Figure 3. After the absolute pressure rapidly increases, it is gradually reduced because of the water level decr.......

Discussion

A siphon breaker is a passively-operated safety device used to prevent the loss of coolant when a pipe rupture accident occurs. However, it is difficult to apply to contemporary research reactors because there is no experiment for the real-scale research reactors. For this reason, the real-scale experiment was conducted by POSTECH and KAERI. The purpose of the experiment was to confirm that the siphon breaking is feasible at the real-scale size, and to identify factors that affect siphon breaking. Experimental results sh.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Absolute pressure transducer	Sensor Technics	CTE9000	0.05% full-scale error
Differential pressure transducer	Setra	C230	0.25% full-scale error
Ultrasonic flow meter	Tokyo Keiki	UFP-20	Resolution 0.01m^3/h
Visual Studio 2012	Microsoft	Windows 8	Microsoft Foundation Class
E.R.W. steel pipe	Hyundai Hysco	KS D 3507(SPP)	400A(out dia.) x 7.9mm(thickness)