Here, we present a detailed protocol to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1+ (PDX1+) cells for the generation of pancreatic lineages based on the non-colony type monolayer growth of dissociated single cells. This method is suitable for producing homogenous hPSC-derived cells, genetic manipulation and screening.
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Method Article
Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures
In This Article
Summary
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic cells are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and a platform to study human developmental processes. Stepwise directed differentiation that recapitulates developmental processes is one of the major ways to generate pancreatic cells including pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1+ (PDX1+) pancreatic progenitor cells. Conventional protocols initiate the differentiation with small colonies shortly after the passage. However, in the state of colonies or aggregates, cells are prone to heterogeneities, which might hamper the differentiation to PDX1+ cells. Here, we present a detailed protocol to differentiate hPSCs into PDX1+ cells. The protocol consists of four steps and initiates the differentiation by seeding dissociated single cells. The induction of SOX17+ definitive endoderm cells was followed by the expression of two primitive gut tube markers, HNF1β and HNF4α, and eventual differentiation into PDX1+ cells. The present protocol provides easy handling and may improve and stabilize the differentiation efficiency of some hPSC lines that were previously found to differentiate inefficiently into endodermal lineages or PDX1+ cells.
Introduction
The pancreas mainly consists of exocrine and endocrine cells, and its dysfunction or overload causes several diseases, such as pancreatitis, diabetes and pancreatic cancer. To elucidate the pathogeny of pancreatopathy, it is necessary to analyze the developmental process and function of pancreatic cells. In addition, a stable cell supply with robust quality is required to establish cell/tissue supplementation therapy. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic cells are a promising cell source for these purposes, and the differentiation protocol toward pancreatic cells has been intensively studied1,2
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Protocol
Experiments using hPSCs were approved by the ethics committee of the Department of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University.
1. Preparation of Materials
NOTE: Prepare all media and reagents for cell culture in a sterile environment. Warm up base culture media to room temperature (RT) before use. Medium for differentiation is used within 6 h at RT. Details of the reagents are listed in Table of Materials.
- Differentiation (Figure 1A)
- Stage 1A medium: Transfer RPMI 1640 medium i....
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Results
Propagating hiPSCs (585A129,30) are condensed and form a homogenous monolayer (Figure 1B) that is suitable for differentiation. Undifferentiated hiPSCs (Stage 0) are dissociated and re-seeded as single cells at low cell densities (1-1.5 x 105 cells/cm2). Within 1 h, the cells are attached to the plate and start to show protrusion. On day 1, the cells are proliferated and well distributed to cover 80-90% of the s.......
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Discussion
The generation of PDX1+ cells is comprised of multiple steps; therefore, it is critical to treat cells at the appropriate time. Among the steps, the induction efficiency of definitive endoderm largely affects the final induction efficiency, possibly by interference from other contaminating lineage cells (i.e., mesoderm and ectoderm), which may proliferate and/or secrete factors that disrupt specific differentiation. If the proportion of SOX17+ cells is lower than 80% on day 4 (Stage 1B), an efficien.......
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Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by funding from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through Scientific Research (C) (JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number15K09385 and 18K08510) to T.T., and Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellows (JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 17J07622) to A.K., and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) through its research grant “Core Center for iPS Cell Research, Research Center Network for Realization of Regenerative Medicine” to K.O. The authors thank Dr. Peter Karagiannis for reading the manuscript.
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Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-Keto-N-aminoethyl-N′-aminocaproyldihydrocinnamoyl cyclopamine | Toronto Research Chemicals | K171000 | CYC |
| 4-[(E)-2-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl]-benzoic acid | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | SC-203303 | TTNPB |
| 50 mL Conical Sterile Polypropylene Centrifuge Tubes | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 339652 | |
| Anti-CDX2 antibody [EPR2764Y] | Abcam | Ab76541 | Anti-CDX2, × 1/1000 dilution |
| B-27 Supplement (50 ×) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 17504-044 | Serum-free supplement |
| BD FACSAria II Cell Sorter | BD Biosciences | For flow cytometry | |
| Biomedical freezer | SANYO | MDF-U538 | For -30 °C storing |
| Cell Counting Slides for TC10/TC20 Cell Counter, Dual-Chamber | BIO-RAD | 1450011 | Counting slide glass |
| CELL CULTURE MULTIWELL PLATE, 6 WELL, PS, CLEAR | Greiner bio-one | 657165 | For differentiation culture/6-well plate |
| Centrifuge | TOMY | AX-310 | For cell culturing |
| Centrifuge | TOMY | MX-305 | For RT-qPCR |
| CHIR99021 | Axon Medchem | Axon 1386 | |
| CLEAN BENCH | SHOWA KAGAKU | S-1601PRV | Clean bench |
| Corning CellBIND 6-well plate | Corning | 3335 | For feeder-free culture of hPSCs/6-well plate |
| Corning Matrigel Basement Membrane Matrix Growth Factor Reduced | Corning | 354230 | Basement membrane matrix |
| Corning Synthemax II-SC Substrate | Corning | 3535 | For feeder-free culture of hPSCs/synthetic surface material for hPSCs |
| Cryostat | Leica | Leica CM1510 S | For immunostaining of aggregates. |
| Cytofix/Cytoperm Kit | Becton Dickinson | 554714 | Perm/Wash buffer is Permeabilization/Wash buffer. Cytofix/Cytoperm buffer is fixation and permeabilization buffer. |
| Dako pen | Dako | S2002 | For immunostaining of aggregates |
| dNTP mix (10 mM) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 18427-088 | For RT-qPCR |
| Donkey anti-Goat IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A11055 | Secondary antibody, × 1/500 dilution |
| Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 546 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A10036 | Secondary antibody, × 1/500 dilution |
| Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 546 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A10040 | Secondary antibody, × 1/500 dilution |
| Donkey Serum | Merck Millipore | S30 | Donkey serum |
| D-PBS(-) without Ca or Mg | Nacalai tesque | 14249-95 | DPBS |
| Essential 8 Medium | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A1517001 | For feeder-free culture of hPSCs/hPSC maintenance medium |
| Falcon 5 mL Round Bottom Polystyrene Test Tube, with Cell Strainer Snap Cap | Corning | 352235 | 5 mL round bottom polystyrene tube with cell strainer |
| Filter Tip, 1,000 µL | Watoson | 124-1000S | Use together with pipettes |
| Filter Tip, 20 µL | Watoson | 124-P20S | Use together with pipettes |
| Filter Tip, 200 µL | Watoson | 124-P200S | Use together with pipettes |
| Fluorescence Microscope | Keyence | BZ-X700 | For immunostaining |
| Forma Steri-Cycle CO2 incubator | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 370A | Incubator |
| HNF-1β Antibody (C-20) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-7411 | Anti-HNF1β, × 1/200 dilution |
| HNF-4α Antibody (H-171) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-8987 | Anti-HNF4α, × 1/200 dilution |
| Hoechst 33342 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | H3570 | For nucleus staining, × 1/200 dilution |
| Human Pancreas Total RNA | Ambion | AM7954 | For RT-qPCR |
| Human PDX-1/IPF1 Antibody | R&D Systems | AF2419 | Anti-PDX1, goat IgG, × 1/200 dilution |
| Human SOX17 Antibody | R&D Systems | AF1924 | Anti-SOX17, × 1/200 dilution |
| Improved MEM Zinc Option medium | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10373-017 | iMEM |
| Incubation chamber | Cosmo Bio | 10DO | For immunostaining of aggregates |
| Latex Examination Gloves | Adachi | ||
| MAS coated slide glass | Matsunami Glass | 83-1881 | For immunostaining of aggregates |
| MicroAmp Fast 96-well Reaction Plate | Applied Biosystems/Thermo Fisher Scientific | 4346907 | For RT-qPCR |
| Microscope | Olympus | CKX41N-31PHP | For cell culturing |
| Microtube | Watoson | 131-515CS | |
| Monoclonal Anti-α-Fetoprotein | SIGMA | A8452 | Anti-AFP, × 1/200 dilution |
| Nanodrop 8000 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | For RT-qPCR | |
| Oligo dT | FASMAC | Custom made Oligo | For RT-qPCR of sequence is "TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT" |
| Paraformaldehyde, powder | Nacalai tesque | 26126-54 | PFA, fixative, diluted in DPBS |
| Pharmaceutical refrigerator | SANYO | MPR-514 | For 4 °C storing |
| PIPETMAN P | GILSON | Pipette | |
| Recombinant Human KGF/FGF-7 | R&D Systems | 251-KG | KGF |
| Recombinant Human Noggin | PeproTech | 120-10C | NOGGIN |
| Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A | R&D Systems | 338-AC | Activin A |
| ReverTra Ace (100 U/μL) | TOYOBO | TRT-101 | For RT-qPCR |
| RNase-free DNase Set (50) | QIAGEN | 79254 | For RT-qPCR |
| RNeasy Mini Kit | QIAGEN | 74104 | For RT-qPCR |
| RPMI 1640 with L-Gln | Nacalai tesque | 30264-85 | RPMI 1640 |
| Sealing Film for Real Time | Takara | NJ500 | For RT-qPCR |
| Serological pipettes 10 mL | Costar/Corning | 4488 | For cell culturing |
| Serological pipettes 25 mL | Costar/Corning | 4489 | For cell culturing |
| Serological pipettes 5 mL | Costar/Corning | 4487 | For cell culturing |
| Sox2 (D6D9) XP Rabbit mAb | Cell signaling | 3579S | Anti-SOX2, × 1/200 dilution |
| StepOnePlus | Applied Biosystems/Thermo Fisher Scientific | For RT-qPCR | |
| Sucrose | Nacalai tesque | 30406-25 | For immunostaining of aggregates |
| TB Green Premix Ex Taq II | Takara | RR820B | For RT-qPCR |
| TC20 Automated Cell Counter | BIO-RAD | 1450101J1 | Automatic cell counter |
| Tissue-Tek OCT compound 4583 | Sakura Finetechnical | 4583 | For immunostaining of aggregates |
| Tissue-Tek Cryomold Molds/Adapters | Sakura Finetechnical | 4566 | For immunostaining of aggregates |
| Triton X-100 | Nacalai tesque | 35501-15 | |
| Trypan Blue | BIO-RAD | 1450021 | |
| Ultracold freezer | SANYO | MDF-U33V | For -80 °C storing |
| UltraPure 0.5M EDTA, pH 8.0 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15575-038 | Dilute with DPBS to prepare 0.5 mM EDTA |
| Veriti Thermal Cycler | Applied Biosystems/Thermo Fisher Scientific | For RT-qPCR | |
| Y-27632 | Wako | 251-00514 |
References
- D'Amour, K. A., et al. Production of pancreatic hormone-expressing endocrine cells from human embryonic stem cells. Nature Biotechnology. 24 (11), 1392-1401 (2006).
- Pagliuca, F. W., et al. Generation of functional human pancreatic beta cells in vi....
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