Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

Summary

Here, we evaluated the impact of various polishing methods on the color stability of compomer and composite resin restorations used in anterior restorations within pediatric dentistry. This study highlights the significance of selecting appropriate polishing methods to enhance the color stability of compomer and composite resin restorations in pediatric dentistry.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various polishing methods on the color stability of compomer and composite resin restorations used in anterior restorations within pediatric dentistry. One hundred and twenty disc-shaped specimens (8 mm diameter x 4 mm thickness) were prepared from A2 shade compomer and nanohybrid composite resin to assess color stability in four different polishing systems. Sixty specimens from each material were randomly distributed into five groups (n = 12) according to the polishing method used. Group 1: four-step aluminum oxide discs, Group 2: aluminum oxide discs and rubber kit, Group 3: aluminum oxide discs and felt discs, Group 4: aluminum oxide discs and spiral wheels, and Group 5: no polishing.

The specimens were immersed in cherry juice solution for 7 days. The color changes (ΔE) for all materials were assessed using a spectrophotometer at baseline and after 7 days of staining. The collected data were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, along with the Mann-Whitney U test for comparing two independent groups and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing three or more independent groups. Post hoc Bonferroni Corrections were applied to identify the groups causing the differences.

As a result of the analyses, statistically significant differences were determined between the staining measurements of the compomer and composite materials across the groups (p < 0.05). The highest level of discoloration for the compomer was in the control group. In conclusion, the selected polishing method influences the degree of discoloration in the compomer groups. In the composite group, polishing methods showed variable effects. Differences were found between the compomer and composite groups. Understanding these effects is crucial for maintaining the esthetic longevity of restorations in young patients.

Introduction

Physical appearance has become a significant concern in social perception and interaction. Social media promote an idealized look as the only acceptable standard, negatively affecting children and young adults¹. Consequently, aesthetics has become one of the most crucial factors for people seeking dental treatments². Numerous tooth-colored restorative materials have been developed to meet the increasing demand for aesthetics³. Resin composites, with their improvements in mechanical properties and formulations, and compomers (polyacid-modified resin composites) with their additional fluoride-releas....

Protocol

To investigate the effect of polishing systems on the discoloration of composite and compomer resins, two commercial A2 shade restorative materials were tested in this study: compomer and nanohybrid composite resin. The list of resin restorations used is provided in the Table of Materials.

1. Specimen preparation

1. Produce a total of 120 discs, with 60 discs made from each of the composite resin and compomer materials.
2. Place the restorative materials into a silicone mold with an 8 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness.
3. Before curing, press the materials between 1 mm glass plates with ....

Results

The mean, minimum, and maximum color values obtained from the measurements are presented in Table 1. Statistically significant differences in discoloration were observed among the groups of compomer and composite materials (p < 0.05).

	Compomer		Composite Resin		Compomer- Composite Resin

Discussion

Achieving a successful aesthetic restoration depends on two key factors: color matching and maintaining long-term color stability. Restoration materials often suffer from surface and subsurface staining due to the increased consumption of staining foods and beverages^11,18. The discoloration of polymeric materials caused by colored liquids, such as coffee, tea, juice, and other drinks, has been documented in the literature. Juice is one of the most commonly consum.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Compomer (A2 Shade)	UDMA, Carboxylic acid modified dimethacrylate (TCB resin), TEGDMA, Trimethacrylate resin (TMPTMA), Dimethacrylate resins, Camphorquinone, Ethyl4(dimethylamino)benzoate, Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), UV stabilizer, Strontium-alumino-sodium-fluoro-phosphor-silicate glass , Highly dispersed silicon dioxide, Strontium fluoride, Iron oxide pigments and titanium oxide pigments	Compomer XP, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany	-
Composite Resin (A2 Shade)	BisGMA,TEGDMA, Silica – zirconium, composite	Estelite Sigma Quick, Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan	-
Dian Fong	Diamond Stone	China	One step
Easyshade	spectrophotometer	VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG
G*Power software ver. 3.1.9.2		Erdfelder, Faul, & Buchner
Polimax	Felt dics	TDV, Brazil	One step
SPSS  Statistics 25	Software	IBM , Armonk, New York, ABD
Sof-Lex (S)	Aluminum oxide coated discs (coarse,medium,fine, super fine)	3M/ESPE, MN, USA	Multi-step
Sof-Lex Spiral Wheels	Aluminium oxide and diamond particles impregnated in a thermoplastic elastomer	3M/ESPE, MN, USA	Two step
*Bis-GMA Bisphenol-A diglycidylether methacrylate, UDMA Urethane dimethacrylate, TEGDMA Triethyelene glycol dimethacrylate