Abnormal changes in the inner retinal and outer choroidal vessels are strongly implicated in the development and progression of inflammatory retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, respectively. Based on our current and emerging understanding, these vascular abnormalities manifest as increased leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells, altered blood flow, increased stiffness, and degeneration caused by activation of local inflammatory cells. This understanding has resulted from the use of specific experimental methods that enable the identification of distinct molecular, cellular, and tissue-level changes that occur in the retinal and choroidal vessels. This collection aims to present a multidisciplinary approach for the assessment of aforementioned vascular changes in the retina and choroid.