Retinal research has benefited tremendously from the convergence of genetic tools and imaging techniques. Cell types can be genetically targeted to express engineered fluorescent proteins. Specialized microscopes and imaging tools can be used to monitor changes in the fluorescence of these proteins. These techniques have allowed for the precise tracking of neural activity at various spatiotemporal scales, as well as the assessment of how visual signals are processed within the subcellular compartments of a single neuron and neuronal ensembles. The advent of these techniques has also brought new challenges. Sophisticated imaging techniques, such as two-photon imaging, light sheet imaging, and adaptive optics laser scanning ophthalmoscopy, often require custom-designed experimental platforms that can provide high-quality measurements of neural activity while maintaining an optimal environment for the biological tissue. Because the retina is naturally light sensitive, it places additional constraints on the amount, wavelength, and type of excitation light delivered. There has also been a concerted effort to improve the algorithms for accurately extracting fluorescence dynamics that report neural activity from data corrupted by background noise and illumination, particularly across large neural ensembles. This Methods Collection aims to provide a platform for the retinal research community to share experimental protocols, designs, imaging techniques, and quantitative analysis tools for studying neural activity in the retina at the level of single neurons to neural populations across rodents and nonhuman primates.