Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Increased lethality of cancer is due to delayed diagnosis and especially due to the metastasis of the disease to different tissues. Secondly, the tumor microenvironment is different between the primary site and the metastasized locations, which could change the tumor characteristics.  In addition, the origin or cause of malignancies is different in each individual based on many factors like genetics, ethnicity, age, environment, food and physical and social behavior. Due to different factors that influence the origins of different cancer entities and lots of complexity in stratifying the treatment strategies, the treatment procedures are challenging and treating patients with precision medicine is necessary. To understand the complexity in molecular functions and the specific phenotypes they result in, the cancer research field has developed and effectively used different methods both in vitro and in vivo to screen patient specimens, determine the aggressiveness of the tumor, and predict drug responses. 

This method collection section brings some of the important methods which are designed to demonstrate 1) cancer prognostic aspects of cancer cell lines like cell migration and invasion in vitro, 2) Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay and mouse xenograft in vivo models, 3) angiogenesis in tumor and 4) drug efficiency determination in in vivo and ex-vivo explants. This collection of methods will bring together technical expertise for cell lines, tumor, and tumor specimen’s in vitro, in vivo and ex-vivo explants, to study cancer phenotypes and drug efficacy in cancer treatment.