Neuroprotection is a common strategy for treating neurological diseases. Once injured, neurons face an unfriendly environment and experience passive motivation for recovery. A lot of effort has been made towards neural recovery. However, few therapies are available at the clinical level. The challenge in developing new therapies for neuroprotection is both limited access to human neuronal tissues and limited knowledge of the progression of the diseases in patients. To this end, models for recapitulating the phenotypes of neural injury are necessary. Choosing an efficient method to fully evaluate a model’s real efficacy will accelerate translational research in this field. In this collection, we select methods to evaluate neural injury for promoting neural recovery, considering different aspects. This includes, but is not limited to: neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, neuroinflammation, neurotrophy, and remyelination, as well as the reconstitution of neural circuitry. This collection will be a resource for anyone interested in translational studies of neuroprotection.