Linear Track Navigation
Linear Track Navigation - Related Videos
10:25
Technical Approach for Infrared Tracking for Soft Tissue Navigation with a Holographic Head-Mounted Display and Preclinical Validation
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2025
This protocol offers a guide to implement infrared marker tracking for free-moving phantoms (e.g., organs) and holographic visualization using Augmented Reality. Additionally, it outlines a setup for preclinical validation of holographic navigation systems using electromagnetic tracking on free-moving phantoms.
05:19
Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
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Cited by 1 •
2015
Children who have complex communication needs can benefit from the use of a speech-generating device (SGD). Cognitive skills were identified as having an impact on the ability to navigate between levels of SGDs. This protocol describes the steps needed for Speech-language Pathologists to assess cognitive skills and navigational abilities.
06:35
Linearization of the Bradford Protein Assay
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Cited by 292 •
2010
The accuracy and sensitivity of protein determination by the rapid and convenient Bradford assay is compromised by intrinsic nonlinearity. We show a simple linearization procedure that greatly increases the accuracy, improves the sensitivity of the assay about 10-fold, and significantly reduces interference by detergents.
08:12
Two-photon Calcium Imaging in Mice Navigating a Virtual Reality Environment
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Cited by 98 •
2014
Here we describe the experimental procedures involved in two-photon imaging of mouse cortex during behavior in a virtual reality environment.
10:27
A Standardized Protocol for Functional Motor Mapping Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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2026
Here, we describe a standardized protocol for motor mapping using nTMS combined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based reconstruction of the corticospinal tract (CST). The protocol is reproducible, clinically feasible, and readily integrable into routine clinical workflows, providing a robust and valuable framework for motor pathway assessment, neuroplasticity research, and rehabilitation planning.
FAQs
Animals can combine landmark information with learned rules to identify route-relevant locations and select movements that lead toward a goal. Repeated traversals allow researchers to examine whether behavior depends primarily on stable environmental cues, remembered locations, or the rules governing reward and error. This distinction helps reveal how navigation strategies develop during learning.
Speed, stopping patterns, choice accuracy, and changes across trials provide complementary views of performance. Speed can indicate movement efficiency, whereas pauses may reveal uncertainty or deliberate processing. Choice accuracy reflects successful use of spatial or task information, and trial-by-trial improvement shows whether the animal is acquiring the route or adapting its strategy.
Repeated traversals make it possible to separate initial learning from later strategy changes. Consistent performance at route-relevant locations can indicate retained spatial information, while altered choices or stopping patterns may show flexibility when task demands change. Together, these observations connect navigation behavior with memory, goal-directed movement, and the ability to adjust to new rules.
Researchers define a one-dimensional route, establish a reward, error, or destination structure, and then observe the animal as it moves through repeated trials. They record route-relevant behavior, including speed, stopping, and choice accuracy, and compare performance over time. This repeated-trial design provides a controlled way to quantify learning and navigation outcomes.
The paradigm is useful when investigators want to relate measurable route behavior to brain circuits or the sensory information supporting navigation. Because the path and destinations are controlled, changes in accuracy, speed, or stopping can be compared across conditions. This supports behavioral analysis of how neural and sensory factors influence goal-directed movement.
Researchers can examine whether disease-related changes alter spatial memory, motivation, navigation strategies, or behavioral flexibility. Performance across trials offers several outcome measures rather than a single success score, allowing investigators to identify changes in accuracy, movement speed, or stopping patterns. These behavioral profiles can help characterize how altered brain function affects navigation.