Antibiosis Tolerance
Antibiosis Tolerance - Related Videos
01:17
Salinity Tolerance of Alishewanella Species Isolated from Seawall Muddy Water
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2025
Begin with a culture of Alishewanella, a Gram-negative, salt-tolerant bacterium.Next, streak the culture onto agar plates containing increasing concentrations of sodium chloride to simulate varying levels of saline stress.Overlay each plate with a layer of unsolidified medium to prevent oxygen diffusion and maintain the culture in an oxygen-limited environment.Seal and incubate the plates at an optimum temperature to support bacterial growth.During incubation, the bacterium exhibits varying...
08:22
Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: An Update on Safety and Tolerability
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Cited by 52 •
2017
This manuscript provides an updated remote supervision protocol that enables participation in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) clinical trials while receiving treatment sessions from home. The protocol has been successfully piloted in both patients with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.
07:23
Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
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Cited by 41 •
2014
We describe a protocol to examine the development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance in mice. Based on the measurement of thermal and mechanical nociceptive responses of naïve and morphine-treated animals, it allows to quantify the increase in pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia) and decrease in analgesia (tolerance) associated with chronic opiate administration.
06:59
Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
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Cited by 7 •
2016
The goal of this protocol is to present a standard method to perform intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) to assess glycemic control in nonhuman primates and assess their metabolic status from healthy to dysmetabolic.
02:23
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Measuring Glucose Metabolism in Mice
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2023
This video introduces how to perform an oral glucose tolerance test on a laboratory mouse.
FAQs
Lower metabolic activity can make cells less vulnerable to antimicrobial killing because cellular processes targeted or disrupted by harmful compounds proceed more slowly. This state may be temporary rather than a permanent genetic change. Examining metabolic activity therefore helps explain why some cells survive treatment even when the population remains susceptible when normal growth and physiology resume.
Cells may survive chemical antagonism by limiting the damage caused to their structures or by repairing affected components. These mechanisms do not require the antimicrobial compound to become ineffective. Instead, they can increase the time a cell remains viable during exposure, helping explain survival patterns that cannot be attributed solely to inherited resistance.
Tolerance concerns survival during exposure while susceptibility to the compound may remain largely unchanged; resistance instead implies that the organism can withstand the compound through a changed susceptibility state. This distinction matters experimentally and clinically because a surviving population may not require a stronger resistance mechanism, but may still persist during treatment because killing is slowed.
A tolerant subset can remain alive during chemical antagonism and later contribute to population persistence, even if the broader population is not uniformly tolerant. Within microbial communities, this survival can alter which organisms remain during exposure to antimicrobial molecules. Studying these dynamics helps connect individual physiological states with persistence in natural and clinical environments.
Studies should compare survival during exposure with susceptibility under conditions that reveal whether the effect reflects a lasting genetic change or a temporary physiological state. Investigators can also consider reduced metabolic activity, damage limitation, repair, and recovery after exposure. These comparisons help separate tolerance from resistance and clarify the mechanism supporting survival.
The distinction identifies whether survival reflects unchanged susceptibility with slowed killing or a population that has become genetically resistant. That information can guide interpretation of persistent infections and support efforts to improve antimicrobial therapies. Without separating the two traits, treatment failure or microbial persistence may be attributed to resistance when temporary physiology is also contributing.
Tolerance can help beneficial bacteria withstand antimicrobial compounds while treatment is occurring, particularly when their susceptibility remains largely unchanged but their physiology limits damage or slows killing. This perspective is relevant when examining how antimicrobial exposure reshapes microbial populations. It also connects cellular survival mechanisms with the preservation or loss of beneficial organisms in clinical settings.