Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen - Related Videos
06:20
An Assay for Cell Cycle Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay to analyze antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in different cell cycle stages. Fluorescently-labeled viable cells are selected using flow cytometry, and the cells in the different cell cycle stages are identified by their DNA content using antibodies against cell proliferation-associated nuclear protein and a nucleic acid stain.
06:57
Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Cited by 9 •
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In this antigen-driven colitis model, OT-II CD4+ T cells expressing a red fluorescent protein were adoptively transferred into RAG-/- mice that express a green fluorescent protein in mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). The hosts were challenged with Escherichia coli (E.coli) expressing the ovalbumin protein (OVA) fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP).
07:00
Quantification of Proliferating Human Antigen-specific CD4+ T Cells using Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl Ester
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Cited by 8 •
2019
Presented here is a protocol for measuring proliferating CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic proteins or peptides using dye dilution. This assay is particularly sensitive to rare antigen-specific T cells and can be modified to facilitate cloning of antigen-specific cells.
05:16
A Vaccine-Pulsed Dendritic Cell-Based In Vitro Assay to Induce Lymphocyte Proliferation
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2025
This video demonstrates a monocyte-derived dendritic cell, MoDC-based assay to measure the immunogenicity of commercially available vaccines. MoDC assays investigate dendritic cell responses to antigens, pathogens, or treatments and can provide insights into immune responses, vaccine development, and immunotherapy research.
13:01
Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
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Cited by 34 •
2014
Indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) assays have traditionally been used for the detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in human serum. The presence of these antibodies can aid in the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). This protocol demonstrates how to effectively perform the IIF technique to accurately detect these autoantibodies.
FAQs
The ring-shaped trimer allows PCNA to remain associated with DNA while polymerases synthesize new strands. By tethering these enzymes to chromatin, it increases their processivity, meaning they can extend DNA without dissociating as readily. This structural arrangement helps coordinate sustained DNA synthesis and makes PCNA useful for interpreting how actively cells are replicating their genomes.
PCNA provides interaction platforms for proteins beyond DNA polymerases. Partner-binding motifs help recruit enzymes involved in DNA repair and chromatin organization, while post-translational modifications contribute to the regulation of these interactions. Consequently, PCNA connects replication with genome-maintenance pathways, allowing a common nuclear scaffold to participate in several processes that preserve chromosome integrity.
Its replication role comes from retaining DNA polymerases on chromatin, whereas its broader coordinating role comes from binding proteins involved in repair and chromatin organization. These activities are functionally connected because DNA synthesis can encounter damage or structural challenges. PCNA therefore links the progression of replication with mechanisms that support genome stability.
PCNA localization and abundance provide indicators of cellular proliferation because they relate to DNA synthesis and genome maintenance in the nucleus. Researchers can use these patterns to assess cell-cycle activity, identify differences in tissue growth, and examine conditions associated with replication stress. Interpretation is strongest when both the amount and nuclear distribution of PCNA are considered.
Assessing PCNA localization and abundance can reveal how actively cells are proliferating and whether tissues display altered growth patterns. These measurements also support investigation of replication stress, a condition in which normal genome-copying activity is challenged. Such information helps connect cellular observations with broader questions about development, tissue growth, and disease mechanisms.
PCNA provides a molecular link between DNA replication, genome stability, and cell proliferation, processes that are important across biological research. Studying its abundance, localization, and interactions can help investigators examine developmental growth and disease-associated changes. Because PCNA coordinates multiple genome-maintenance activities, its interaction network may also identify processes of interest for therapeutic targeting.