Virus Enrichment
Virus Enrichment - Related Videos
03:39
Preparation of Virus-Enriched Suspension Using Stepwise Sucrose Centrifugation
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2026
Source: Vijayraghavan, S. and Kantor, B. A Protocol for the Production of Integrase-deficient Lentiviral Vectors for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockout in Dividing Cells. J. Vis. Exp., (2017)This video demonstrates a two-step ultracentrifugation method using sucrose gradients and cushions to purify and concentrate viral particles from cell culture supernatant. The procedure enables separation based on buoyant density, allowing recovery of intact virus suitable for downstream applications.
03:25
Amoeba-Based Enrichment of Giant Viruses from an Environmental Water Sample
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2026
Source: Bou Khalil, J. Y.,et al. A Rapid Strategy for the Isolation of New Faustoviruses from Environmental Samples Using Vermamoeba vermiformis. J. Vis. Exp. (2016)This video demonstrates the enrichment of giant viruses from an environmental water sample using amoeba-based co-culture to enable downstream detection and analysis.
01:34
Environmental Enrichment for Rodents
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2026
All animal procedures described here must be conducted in accordance with institutional animal ethics guidelines and approved by IACUC. All procedures must follow the principles of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—and must be performed by trained personnel. Environmental enrichment involves objects and practices that encourage natural behaviors, improve psychological well-being, and promote better welfare in laboratory rodents. Environmental enrichment should be tailored to the...
03:15
Separation and Enrichment of Extracellular Vesicles in the Presence of Virions
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2026
Source: DeMarino, C., et al. Purification of High Yield Extracellular Vesicle Preparations Away from Virus. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)The video demonstrates the separation of EVs from virions and other contaminants by density gradient centrifugation, followed by capture and concentration with hydrogel nanoparticles. Washed fractions are then ready for downstream identification of those enriched in EVs.
00:50
What are Viruses?
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2019
Overview A virus is a microscopic infectious particle that consists of an RNA or DNA genome enclosed in a protein shell. It is not able to reproduce on its own: it can only make more viruses by entering a cell and using its cellular machinery. When a virus infects a host cell, it removes its protein coat and directs the host’s machinery to transcribe and translate its genetic material. The hijacked cell assembles the replicated components into thousands of viral progeny, which can rupture and...
FAQs
These properties provide different ways to separate viral particles from surrounding sample material. Size differences support filtration, density differences support centrifugation, and surface properties or solubility can be used with chromatography or precipitation. Because samples and viruses vary, the selected separation principle influences which particles are recovered and how much nonviral material remains for later analysis.
A single separation method may not remove every type of nonviral material or recover all viral particles efficiently. Using approaches based on different properties, such as filtration followed by centrifugation or precipitation, can address distinct sources of sample complexity. This may produce a cleaner, more concentrated viral preparation, supporting clearer detection and more reliable downstream characterization.
Removing or reducing nonviral components makes viral particles more prominent relative to the rest of the sample. This increased relative abundance can improve assay sensitivity and make viral signals easier to distinguish from background material. The resulting preparation is also better suited to genome sequencing, cultivation, and characterization because downstream analyses begin with a more focused viral fraction.
A general workflow applies one or more separation steps to the starting sample, using filtration, centrifugation, precipitation, or chromatography according to the relevant particle properties. The collected fraction is then directed toward detection, genome sequencing, cultivation, or characterization. The central procedural goal is to increase the recoverable viral fraction while limiting residual nonviral material.
It is particularly useful when viruses occur at low abundance or are surrounded by substantial environmental, clinical, or laboratory material. Concentrating viral particles before analysis can make them easier to detect and study. This approach therefore supports investigations that would be more difficult when the viral signal remains diluted within a complex sample.
Enriched material can support analysis of viral diversity, genome content, structure, ecology, evolution, and disease. Depending on the downstream method, researchers may detect viruses, sequence their genomes, cultivate them, or characterize their particles. Enrichment does not replace these analyses; instead, it improves access to viral material so those biological questions can be examined more effectively.