Virus Propagation
Virus Propagation - Related Videos
06:56
Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs
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Cited by 105 •
2015
Fertile chicken eggs are widely used to produce large amounts of human influenza A virus as they provide a convenient and cost-effective system to prove high yields of virus.
03:12
Propagation and Harvest of Influenza Virus from a Fertilized Chicken Egg
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2026
Source: Brauer, R. et al., Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs. J. Vis. Exp. (2015)This video demonstrates the synthesis and harvest of the influenza virus in fertilized chicken eggs. The virus is inoculated into the allantoic cavity, where it replicates in epithelial cells and buds into the allantoic fluid, which is then collected and stored for downstream applications.
03:01
Propagation and Harvesting of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus in Mammalian Cells
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2026
Source: Nguyen, H., et al. Growth, Purification, and Titration of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus. J. Vis. Exp. (2021).This video demonstrates the propagation and harvesting of oncolytic herpes simplex virus in mammalian cell cultures, highlighting viral entry, replication, and the recovery of virus-loaded cells. It further shows methods for preserving infected cells for downstream processing.
07:26
Virus Propagation and Cell-Based Colorimetric Quantification
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2023
The present protocol describes the propagation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Vero African green monkey kidney cells and the quantification of ZIKV using cell-based colorimetric immunodetection methods in 24-well and 96-well (high throughput) formats.
12:52
Propagation of Homalodisca coagulata virus-01 via Homalodisca vitripennis Cell Culture
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Cited by 4 •
2014
Here we present a protocol to propagate Homalodisca vitripennis cells and HoCV-1 in vitro. Medium was removed from HoCV-1 positive cultures and RNA extracted every 24 hr for 168 hr. Cell survivability was quantified by trypan blue staining. Whole virus particles were extracted post-infection. Extracted RNA was quantified by qRT-PCR.
FAQs
Receptor binding determines whether a virus can attach to a particular cell and begin entry. As a result, susceptible cells provide the access required for genome replication, viral protein production, and particle assembly, whereas cells lacking the appropriate receptor may not support the process. This receptor dependence helps researchers investigate host range and transmission patterns.
Once entry occurs, the viral genome directs the host cell to produce viral proteins and replicate viral genetic material. Newly made genomes and proteins then come together during particle assembly, creating additional virus. Tracking these linked stages allows investigators to examine viral growth and determine how cellular conditions influence the amount of virus produced.
Viral particles can leave an infected cell through lysis or budding, two distinct release outcomes identified in the propagation process. Lysis breaks down the host cell, while budding allows particles to exit from the cell surface. Comparing these routes helps explain how viruses affect host-cell survival and provides context for studying viral biology and pathogenesis.
A typical workflow begins by selecting a susceptible biological system, such as cultured cells, an embryonated egg, or a laboratory animal. Researchers then maintain controlled conditions that allow attachment, entry, genome replication, protein synthesis, assembly, and release. The resulting viral material can support diagnostics, vaccine development, antiviral testing, or pathogenesis studies.
These systems provide different controlled settings for producing and studying viruses. Cultured cells offer a cell-based environment, while embryonated eggs and laboratory animals provide other biological contexts for propagation. The choice depends on the research objective, including generating material for diagnostics or vaccines, testing antivirals, or examining how viral growth relates to disease.
Propagation experiments can reveal whether a virus grows in a particular biological system and how its growth changes under different environmental or cellular conditions. They also help investigators evaluate host range, transmission, and pathogenesis. The material produced can be applied to diagnostic development, vaccine work, antiviral assessment, and broader studies of viral biology.