Z-motor Focusing
Z-motor Focusing - Related Videos
09:48
Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
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Cited by 21 •
2017
Using two different transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols, this manuscript describes how to measure and compare cortical inhibition within the primary motor cortex when adopting different attentional foci.
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DC Motors
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2023
Source: Ali Bazzi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT. The DC machine operates with DC currents and voltages as opposed to an AC machine, which requires AC currents and voltages. DC machines were the first to be invented and utilize two magnetic fields that are controlled by DC currents. The same machine can be easily reconfigured to be a motor or generator if appropriate field excitation is available, since the DC machine has two fields termed field...
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Motor Maps
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Jonas T. Kaplan and Sarah I. Gimbel—University of Southern California One principle of brain organization is the topographic mapping of information. Especially in sensory and motor cortices, adjacent regions of the brain tend to represent information from adjacent parts of the body, resulting in maps of the body expressed on the surface of the brain. The primary sensory and motor maps in the brain surround a prominent sulcus known as the central sulcus. The cortex...
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Focused Ion Beams
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2023
Source: Sina Shahbazmohamadi and Peiman Shahbeigi-Roodposhti-Roodposhti, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT As electron microscopes become more complex and widely used in research labs, it becomes more of a necessity to introduce their capabilities. Focused ion beam (FIB) is an instrument that can be employed in order to fabricate, trim, analyze and characterize materials on mico- and nano-scales in a wide variety of fields from nano-electronics to medicine. FIB...
14:05
Motor Exam II
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2023
Source:Tracey A. Milligan, MD; Tamara B. Kaplan, MD; Neurology, Brigham and Women's/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA There are two main types of reflexes that are tested on a neurological examination: stretch (or deep tendon reflexes) and superficial reflexes. A deep tendon reflex (DTR) results from the stimulation of a stretch-sensitive afferent from a neuromuscular spindle, which, via a single synapse, stimulates a motor nerve leading to a muscle contraction. DTRs...
FAQs
The motor changes the relative position of the objective lens or specimen along the optical z-axis, rather than relying on hand adjustments. Controlled movement shifts the focal plane through the sample, allowing structures at different depths to be brought into focus in a planned, reproducible way. This positioning is especially valuable when images must be acquired consistently across multiple depths.
Small, controlled z-axis increments provide accurate information about where each focal plane lies within a specimen. This helps distinguish structures located at different depths and supports consistent image acquisition across repeated observations. In biological experiments, precise positioning is useful for comparing samples reliably and for collecting image sequences that represent changes through the specimen’s depth.
Motorized focusing reduces the need for repeated manual adjustments, which can make image acquisition more consistent. The drive provides controlled positioning along the z-axis and helps limit focus drift during an experiment. As a result, researchers can compare images collected at different times or from different samples with less variation caused by changing focus position.
A basic workflow positions the biological specimen and imaging optics, uses the motorized drive to move through relevant z-axis positions, and records images when the desired structures are in focus. The same controlled positioning can then be applied during repeated acquisitions. This approach supports systematic examination of structures at multiple depths without relying entirely on manual refocusing.
It is particularly useful when researchers need to observe biological changes over time while maintaining a consistent focal position. During live-cell imaging and time-lapse experiments, motorized control helps reduce focus drift and repeated manual intervention. More stable positioning makes it easier to monitor dynamic cellular processes and distinguish biological changes from differences caused by inconsistent focusing.
By acquiring images at controlled positions along the optical z-axis, the method supports collection of image information from different specimen depths. These depth-resolved images can contribute to three-dimensional visualization of cellular or tissue-level structures. The resulting control also improves comparisons among images, helping researchers examine spatial organization and changes within biological specimens more consistently.