Insoluble Salts
Insoluble Salts - Related Videos
04:08
Determining the pH of Salt Solutions
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2020
The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution. In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
02:02
Responses to Salt Stress
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2020
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients. Plant cell cytoplasm has a high solute concentration, which causes water to flow from the soil into the plant due to osmosis. However, excess salt in the surrounding soil increases the soil solute concentration, reducing the plant’s ability to take up water. High levels of...
09:35
Enrichment of Detergent-insoluble Protein Aggregates from Human Postmortem Brain
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Cited by 45 •
2017
An abbreviated fractionation protocol for the enrichment of detergent-insoluble protein aggregates from human postmortem brain is described.
05:36
Isolation of Detergent-Insoluble Protein Aggregates From Human Postmortem Brain Tissue
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2025
This video explains the process of isolating and enriching detergent-insoluble protein aggregates from frozen postmortem human brain tissue. It demonstrates key steps, including homogenization, detergent treatment, sonication, and ultracentrifugation to separate and purify the insoluble aggregates. The final step involves solubilizing the aggregates in urea buffer for further analysis.
11:29
Isolation of Soluble and Insoluble PrP Oligomers in the Normal Human Brain
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Cited by 7 •
2012
A new species of cellular prion protein (PrPC) has recently been identified in uninfected human brains using the methods described here. These methods can be used to isolate various PrP species, while some of them are also useful in isolating other misfolded protein aggregates from human brains.
FAQs
The solubility product constant, Ksp, sets the equilibrium condition for the dissolved ions of a sparingly soluble salt. Comparing the ion product with Ksp predicts the direction of change: precipitation is favored when the ion product exceeds Ksp, whereas lower ion concentrations favor dissolution. This comparison provides a quantitative basis for anticipating solid formation.
The ion product reflects the current concentrations of the relevant dissolved ions, so it indicates whether the solution is undersaturated, at equilibrium, or supersaturated relative to Ksp. A solution can therefore change behavior as ion concentrations change, even if the amount of solid has not changed. This makes ion-product calculations useful for predicting precipitation conditions.
Dilution lowers dissolved-ion concentrations and can shift the equilibrium toward dissolution, while complexation binds ions in dissolved forms and changes their effective availability. Both processes can alter the ion product without directly changing the solid itself. Consequently, a precipitate may become less favored when solution conditions reduce the concentration of free ions participating in the equilibrium.
Selective precipitation relies on controlling conditions so that one ionic compound reaches its precipitation condition before another. By monitoring which solid forms as ions are introduced or conditions change, chemists can separate ions and support qualitative analysis. The method is especially valuable when the order of precipitation provides evidence about the composition of an unknown sample.
A typical workflow applies precipitation reactions to the unknown sample, observes whether a solid forms, and compares the result with expected behavior governed by Ksp. Additional controlled changes, such as dilution or complexation, can test whether the solid dissolves or persists. The pattern of observations helps identify the compound or narrow the possible ions present.
Their controlled precipitation and dissolution behavior supports water-treatment strategies, where unwanted ions can be removed from solution, and contributes to materials research involving solid phases. In laboratory instruction, these systems demonstrate equilibrium, selective separation, and ion reactions. Together, these applications connect Ksp-based reasoning with analytical chemistry, environmental work, and investigations of material behavior.