Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Treatment - Related Videos
01:30
Microbial Wastewater Treatment
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2026
Microbial communities in aquatic ecosystems play a key role in the natural breakdown of contaminants introduced through domestic and industrial effluents. Acting as biological catalysts, these microbes change and mineralize a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants under different redox conditions.In oxygen-rich surface waters, aerobic heterotrophs lead organic matter breakdown, using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor to efficiently oxidize substrates to carbon dioxide and water.
09:49
Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency
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Cited by 7 •
2016
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDC) pose a substantial risk to the aquatic environment. Municipal wastewater treatment plants are major contributors to the estrogenic potency of surface waters. The methodology provided in this paper allows for an assessment of the efficacy and suitability of wastewater treatment processes with respect to EDC removal.
05:40
Comparison of Scale in a Photosynthetic Reactor System for Algal Remediation of Wastewater
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Cited by 3 •
2017
An experimental methodology is presented to compare the performance of small (100 L) and large (1,000 L) scale reactors designed for algae remediation of landfill wastewater. System characteristics, including surface area to volume ratio, retention time, biomass density, and wastewater feed concentrations, can be adjusted based on application.
08:24
Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetland Design for Wastewater Treatment
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Cited by 2 •
2025
Constructed wetland treatment systems have been used for decades to treat wastewater, but their application to treat oil sands process-affected waters is relatively new. To explore this potential, a surface flow mesocosm design and experimental methods are outlined. This approach aims to enhance our understanding of key design parameters and improve treatment efficacy.
11:39
The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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Cited by 26 •
2013
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. The Goeckerman regimen, formulated for the treatment of psoriasis, consists of exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) light and application of crude coal tar (CCT). The following protocol is for the administration of Goeckerman therapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
FAQs
pH affects the chemical conditions under which coagulants destabilize suspended particles. Once destabilized, the particles can collide, aggregate during flocculation, and form larger flocs that settle during sedimentation. Adjusting pH therefore influences whether this chemical separation proceeds effectively. In practice, chemistry provides a way to improve suspended-material removal before later biological and disinfection stages.
Redox conditions determine whether chemical and biological reactions favor oxidation or reduction. In treatment, biological oxidation targets dissolved organic matter, while oxidizing agents contribute to disinfection and the breakdown or control of some contaminants. Monitoring this chemical environment helps connect reaction conditions with treatment outcomes, particularly when reducing organic pollution and preparing water for subsequent use or release.
Disinfection addresses pathogens rather than primarily separating suspended solids or oxidizing dissolved organic matter. It uses oxidizing agents as part of the final treatment chemistry, after earlier stages have reduced physical and chemical loads. This distinction matters because a process can clarify water or reduce organic material without providing the same pathogen-control function needed for public-health protection.
A typical treatment sequence begins with screening, followed by sedimentation to remove physical material. Coagulation and flocculation then destabilize and aggregate suspended particles, allowing further settling. Biological oxidation addresses dissolved organic matter, and disinfection follows as a pathogen-control step. The combined workflow assigns different contaminants to stages suited to their physical, chemical, or biological behavior.
Treatment performance can be evaluated by considering reductions in nutrients, pathogens, and toxic compounds, rather than by clarity alone. Lower nutrient concentrations help limit eutrophication, while pathogen control supports public health and reduced toxic contamination improves suitability for reuse or environmental release. These outcomes show why multiple treatment mechanisms are combined instead of relying on one operation.
Chemistry supports wastewater treatment by linking process conditions with pollutant removal. Researchers can investigate how pH, redox conditions, coagulants, and oxidizing agents affect reactions and overall performance. This knowledge provides a foundation for developing more efficient and sustainable purification technologies, including approaches designed to improve treatment effectiveness while supporting water reuse and environmental protection.