Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism - Related Videos
05:01
Extracellular Purine Metabolism: An HPLC-based Assay to Measure Adenosine Generation and Metabolism in Leukemic Cells
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2023
This video explains a quantitative reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method to measure metabolism of adenosine and associated purines generated by consumption of AMP in extracellular environment of leukemic cancer cells. The protocol describes a sensitive, specific, reliable and reproducible RP-HPLC assay developed and validated for the quantification of extracellular purine nucleotides and nucleosides produced by purified chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells...
05:41
Metabolic Profile Analysis of Zebrafish Embryos
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Cited by 42 •
2013
Zebrafish represent a powerful vertebrate model that has been under-utilised for metabolic studies. Here we describe a rapid way to measure the in vivo metabolic profile of developing zebrafish that allows the comparison of different mitochondrial function parameters between genetically or pharmacologically manipulated embryos, thereby increasing the applicability of this organism.
00:52
What is Metabolism?
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2019
Overview Metabolism represents all of the chemical activity in a cell, including reactions that build molecules (anabolism) and those that break molecules down (catabolism). Anabolic reactions require energy, whereas catabolic reactions provide it. Thus, metabolism describes how cells transform energy through a variety of chemical reactions, which are often made more efficient with the help of enzymes. Metabolism Is the Sum of All of the Chemical Reactions That Take Place in an Organism
10:19
An Introduction to Cell Metabolism
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2023
In cells, critical molecules are either built by joining together individual units like amino acids or nucleotides, or broken down into smaller components. Respectively, the reactions responsible for this are referred to as anabolic and catabolic. These reactions require or produce energy typically in the form of a “high-energy” molecule called ATP. Together, these processes make up “Cell Metabolism,” and are hallmarks of healthy, living cells.JoVE’s introduction to cell metabolism briefly...
08:28
Metabolic Labeling
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2023
Metabolic labeling is used to probe the biochemical transformations and modifications that occur in a cell. This is accomplished by using chemical analogs that mimic the structure of natural biomolecules. Cells utilize analogs in their endogenous biochemical processes, producing compounds that are labeled. The label allows for the incorporation of detection and affinity tags, which can then be used to elucidate metabolic pathways using other biochemical analytical techniques, such as SDS-PAGE...
FAQs
De novo synthesis builds nucleotide supplies through pathway reactions, whereas salvage recovers available bases for reuse. Their combined activity helps cells maintain nucleotide balance without relying on only one source. This distinction matters clinically because a defect affecting synthesis, recovery, or their regulation can alter the availability of DNA- and RNA-related building blocks.
Coordination prevents shortages during nucleic-acid production while limiting accumulation of excess intermediates. Nucleotides also participate in energy transfer and cellular signaling, so imbalance can affect more than DNA or RNA formation. Degradation provides an outlet for surplus purines and pyrimidines, with purines yielding uric acid and pyrimidines forming smaller soluble products.
A defect in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase can impair purine salvage, disturbing the balance between recovered bases and newly synthesized nucleotides. Because salvage is one route cells use to maintain nucleotide supplies, this enzyme abnormality can produce an inherited metabolic disease. Identifying the affected step helps connect a clinical presentation with a specific biochemical pathway.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is an example of an enzyme whose defect can disrupt pyrimidine balance and cause disease. Including this enzyme in pathway analysis provides a specific biochemical point for understanding an inherited metabolic disorder, rather than treating altered nucleotide levels as an isolated finding. Its role therefore links pyrimidine metabolism with clinical investigation and disease mechanisms.
Clinical interpretation can relate abnormal nucleotide balance to the pathway step that may be affected, including synthesis, salvage, or degradation. Enzymes such as hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase provide concrete biochemical points for investigation because defects in either can disrupt metabolism and cause disease. This pathway-based view helps organize inherited disorders by mechanism.
Therapeutic relevance follows from the pathway’s influence on uric acid, nucleotide availability, and cell proliferation. In gout, purine degradation is clinically important because it produces uric acid. In cancer and immune disease, altered nucleotide metabolism matters because treatment can be considered in the context of cells with altered proliferation. The same biochemical network therefore connects distinct clinical conditions.