Ultrafiltration Process
Ultrafiltration Process - Related Videos
02:49
Bacterial Culture Filtrate Protein Concentration using an Ultrafiltration Device
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2025
This video demonstrates the isolation and concentration of bacterial culture filtrate proteins, which include bacterial extracellular vesicles, using ultrafiltration. The concentrated extracellular vesicles serve as diagnostic markers for disease detection.
10:19
Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing
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Cited by 10 •
2016
Design and fabrication of a three-dimensionally (3-D) printed microfluidic cross-flow filtration system is demonstrated. The system is used to test performance and observe fouling of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration (thin film composite) membranes.
12:47
Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A “Green” Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles
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Cited by 20 •
2012
Tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFU) is a recirculation method used for the weight-based separation of biosamples. TFU was adapted to size-select (1-20 nm diameter) and highly concentrate a large volume of polydisperse silver nanoparticles (4 L of 15.2 μg ml-1 down to 4 ml of 8,539.9 μg ml-1) with minimal aggregation.
09:18
Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Murine Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Using an Ultrafiltration Centrifugation Technique
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Cited by 23 •
2018
Here, we describe two extracellular vesicle isolation protocols, ultrafiltration centrifugation and ultracentrifugation with density gradient centrifugation, to isolate extracellular vesicles from murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. The extracellular vesicles derived from murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by both methods are quantified and characterized.
01:30
Processes at Electrodes
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2026
The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
FAQs
Transmembrane pressure provides the driving force that moves water and low-molecular-weight solutes through the semipermeable membrane. Larger components remain on the retentate side when their size and molecular characteristics prevent passage. Adjusting this pressure influences the filtration rate and therefore affects how efficiently fluid is removed or a biological sample is concentrated.
Membrane pore size establishes an important size-based boundary, but separation also depends on the molecular characteristics of the substances being processed. Proteins, cells, pathogens, and other macromolecules may be retained while smaller solutes pass through. Consequently, membrane selection determines whether the process mainly concentrates desired material, removes unwanted components, or performs both functions.
The retained fraction, or retentate, contains components held back by the membrane, including larger particles and many biological macromolecules. Water and low-molecular-weight solutes form the fraction that passes through. Comparing these two fractions helps explain whether a filtration step has concentrated proteins or cells, removed fluid, or separated smaller solutes from larger constituents.
An effective process depends on coordinating transmembrane pressure, filtration rate, and membrane selectivity. Pressure supplies the force for passage, the filtration rate determines how quickly fluid is processed, and selectivity controls which molecular sizes remain. Together, these variables help tailor ultrafiltration to fluid removal, purification, concentration, or preparation of biological materials.
Clinical applications include hemodialysis and hemofiltration, where the process can support removal of excess fluid and waste. Its usefulness comes from allowing water and smaller solutes to pass while retaining larger components according to membrane selectivity. This makes pressure-driven filtration relevant when treatment requires controlled handling of fluid and dissolved waste.
For plasma and protein concentration, ultrafiltration retains larger biological components while water and smaller solutes pass through, increasing the relative concentration of the retained material. In laboratory sample preparation, the same selective behavior can help prepare biologic materials for diagnosis or treatment. The chosen membrane and operating conditions determine which components remain available for subsequent use.