Uptake Transporters
Uptake Transporters - Related Videos
06:28
A Simple Flow Cytometric Method to Measure Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter Expression for Monocyte Subpopulations in Whole Blood
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Cited by 13 •
2016
Monocytes are integral components of the human innate immune system that rely on glycolytic metabolism when activated. We describe a flow cytometry protocol to measure glucose transporter expression and glucose uptake by total monocytes and monocyte subpopulations in fresh whole blood.
04:04
Radiolabeled Amino Acid Uptake Assay to Quantify Cellular Uptake of Amino Acids
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2025
This video demonstrates an in vitro technique for estimating amino acid uptake by bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Na+-dependent amino acid transporters mediate the uptake of radiolabeled amino acids inside the cells, and the cellular uptake is estimated by measuring the radioactivity.
01:28
Electron Transport Chains
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2019
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. The ETC is comprised of...
01:20
Gas Exchange and Transport
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2019
Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them. When the...
05:01
Measuring Dopamine Uptake in Mouse Brain Synaptosomes Using Radiolabeled Dopamine
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2025
This video demonstrates the assessment of dopamine uptake in synaptosomes harvested from mouse brains. It outlines steps for preparing synaptosomes for dopamine uptake via dopamine transporters, treating them with varying concentrations of radiolabeled dopamine, isolating the synaptosomes, and measuring radioactivity to quantify dopamine uptake.
FAQs
Their transport mechanism determines how substrate movement responds to concentration differences and ionic conditions. Facilitated diffusion supports movement through the membrane protein without directly describing energy use, whereas coupling to ion gradients links substrate transport to existing differences in ion concentration. These properties help explain why changes in cellular or extracellular conditions can alter drug or nutrient uptake.
The location and level of transporter expression determine which tissues efficiently take up a compound. Activity in the intestine can influence absorption, while hepatic and renal expression can affect drug clearance. Transporters in the brain may change tissue exposure independently of concentrations elsewhere, making tissue distribution important when interpreting efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacologic response.
A coadministered compound can alter uptake transporter activity, changing how much of another medicine enters a relevant tissue. The resulting exposure may shift in the intestine, liver, kidneys, or brain, depending on where the transporter operates. Such interactions can modify absorption, distribution, or clearance and may require closer evaluation when treatment combinations are considered.
Genetic variation can change transporter expression or activity, so individuals may handle the same compound differently. Disease can also modify transporter-related processes across tissues, potentially changing drug exposure and response. These sources of variability help explain differences in efficacy or toxicity and support consideration of personalized dose selection and transporter-informed clinical evaluation.
Clinical pharmacology uses transporter effects to connect drug movement with expected exposure and response. Information about uptake in absorptive, metabolic, excretory, or target tissues can clarify how much compound reaches relevant sites and how quickly it is cleared. When genetics, disease, or interactions may change these processes, transporter knowledge can contribute to safer dose selection.
They provide a framework for investigating tissue exposure, clearance, drug interactions, and variability between patients. Researchers can use transporter-related findings to evaluate whether a candidate may accumulate in a target tissue or produce unwanted exposure elsewhere. The same evidence can support biomarker development and guide designs intended to improve therapeutic safety and predictability.