Bulk Hydrogen Concentration
Bulk Hydrogen Concentration - Related Videos
14:11
Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
0 Views •
Cited by 21 •
2016
We illustrate the application of 1H(15N,αγ)12C resonant nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) to quantitatively evaluate the density of hydrogen atoms on the surface, in the volume, and at an interfacial layer of solid materials. The near-surface hydrogen depth profiling of a Pd(110) single crystal and of SiO2/Si(100) stacks is described.
06:06
Hydrogenation
0 Views •
2023
Source: Vy M. Dong and Zhiwei Chen, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA This experiment will demonstrate the hydrogenation of chalcone as an example of an alkene hydrogenation reaction (Figure 1). In this experiment, palladium on carbon (Pd/C) will be used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the process. A balloon will be used to supply the hydrogen atmosphere. Figure 1: Diagram showing the hydrogenation of chalcone to 3-phenylpropiophenone.
02:41
Concentration Cells
0 Views •
2020
A concentration cell is a type of a voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species. Consider the following voltaic cell: From the given information, the cell potential of this concentration cell can be calculated using...
08:56
Catalytic Reactor: Hydrogenation of Ethylene
0 Views •
2023
Source: Kerry M. Dooley and Michael G. Benton, Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA The hydrogenation of ethylene (C2H4) to ethane (C2H6) has often been studied as a model reduction reaction in characterizing new metal catalysts.1-2 While supported nickel is not the most active metal catalyst for this reaction, it is active enough that reaction can take place at < 200°C. The reaction typically involves adsorbed, dissociated hydrogen (H2) reacting...
06:35
Acid and Base Concentrations - Concepts
0 Views •
2020
Acids and Bases An Arrhenius acid produces hydrogen ions when it is dissolved in water: HA + H2O → H+(aq) + A-(aq) Here, HA is the non-dissociated acid, H+ is the hydrogen cation, and A- is the solvated anion — called the conjugate base. An Arrhenius base produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water: BOH + H2O → B+(aq) + OH-(aq) Here, BOH is the non-dissociated base, OH- is the hydroxide ion, and B+ is the solvated cation — called the conjugate acid. A conjugate base is formed when an acid...
FAQs
Hydrogen concentration in a material reflects more than hydrogen that can move immediately. Some hydrogen dissolves in the lattice and diffuses through microstructural pathways, while defects, inclusions, and interfaces can retain it. Distinguishing mobile from trapped hydrogen matters because the measured total can include populations with different behavior, improving interpretation of material performance and safety.
Defects, inclusions, and interfaces act as trapping locations that can retain hydrogen within the material. These sites make the hydrogen distribution dependent on microstructure, not just on the surrounding engineered environment. Consequently, two materials or processing conditions may show different bulk concentrations, making microstructural state an important variable when engineers evaluate compatibility, degradation, or storage behavior.
A surface reading may not represent hydrogen residing deeper in a component or retained at internal features. Bulk characterization is therefore needed when hydrogen has dissolved into the lattice, moved along internal pathways, or become trapped away from the surface. This distinction is especially important for interpreting embrittlement and leakage risks in engineered systems.
Engineers must account for both mobile hydrogen and hydrogen retained in the material when characterizing bulk concentration. A result that captures only one population can misrepresent the material’s hydrogen state. Reliable characterization therefore supports comparisons among materials and conditions, helping connect measured concentration with process control, failure analysis, and safety decisions.
Bulk hydrogen concentration data help assess whether materials are compatible with hydrogen service in pipelines, pressure vessels, and energy systems. Engineers can use the information to examine hydrogen embrittlement, leakage, and storage behavior rather than relying on surface condition alone. These assessments inform material selection and support safer design and operation of hydrogen technologies.
In engineering failure analysis, concentration data provide a material-based line of evidence alongside the component’s service context. Hydrogen concentration can be considered when examining embrittlement, leakage, or unexpected storage behavior. The same measurements also support process control by showing whether process conditions produce a material state compatible with intended hydrogen-system performance.