Fluid Particle
Fluid Particle - Related Videos
10:28
Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
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Cited by 15 •
2014
This paper demonstrates the experimental procedure to measure terminal settling velocities of spherical particles in surfactant-based shear thinning viscoelastic fluids. Fluids over a wide range of rheological properties are prepared and settling velocities are measured for a range of particle sizes in unbounded fluids and fluids between parallel walls.
16:31
Echo Particle Image Velocimetry
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Cited by 10 •
2012
An echo particle image velocimetry (EPIV) system capable of acquiring two-dimensional fields of velocity in optically opaque fluids or through optically opaque geometries is described, and validation measurements in pipe flow are reported.
03:37
Subatomic Particles
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2020
Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom. The Discovery of the Electron The first clue about the subatomic structure came at the end of the 19th century when J.J. Thomson discovered the electron using a cathode ray tube. This apparatus consisted of a sealed glass...
02:41
Concentration and Purification of Viral Particles
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2026
Source: Fricano-Kugler, C. J., et al. Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).This video demonstrates the step-by-step process for concentrating and purifying lentiviral particles from a mixed suspension containing host cell debris. The procedure utilizes centrifugation, filtration, and PEG-salt precipitation to isolate viral particles while removing soluble impurities. The final product is resuspended in a...
02:10
The Nucleosome Core Particle
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2020
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins. The paradox Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
FAQs
The distinction from a molecule matters because engineers treat the fluid particle as a continuum element rather than as an individual microscopic object. This permits properties such as pressure, density, temperature, and velocity to be assigned and followed at the flow scale. The resulting description supports conservation-based calculations without requiring the motion of every molecule.
Local gradients show how a particle’s surroundings change through the flow field. Changes in velocity, pressure, density, or temperature can therefore be examined from one location to another as the particle travels. In engineering analysis, this links the particle’s path to the spatial structure of the flow and helps describe how the fluid responds within systems designed for transport.
Conservation laws provide the governing framework for analyzing a fluid particle. Conservation of mass addresses the amount of fluid, momentum connects motion with forces, and energy tracks energetic changes. Considering these laws together allows engineers to relate a particle’s changing properties to its movement through a flow field, providing the basis for fluid-mechanics calculations and engineering design.
Streamlines provide a way to relate particle motion to the organization of a flow field, while a material volume follows a selected quantity of fluid. Using these perspectives, engineers can describe both local movement and the behavior of fluid as it travels through a system. The choice of representation supports consistent analysis of transport and changing properties.
Engineers track velocity, pressure, density, and temperature as the particle travels. They then interpret those properties alongside local gradients and the relevant conservation laws. This procedure turns the particle concept into an analytical framework: it connects what happens locally to the broader behavior of fluid moving through pipelines, pumps, turbines, aircraft, or other flow systems.
Computational fluid dynamics uses the same particle-based continuum viewpoint to organize fluid-mechanics calculations across a flow field. Representing local velocity, pressure, density, and temperature gives the computation quantities to evaluate while applying conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. This approach helps engineers study flow behavior and inform the design of systems that transport or process fluids.
It is useful wherever engineers must predict or interpret fluid transport and flow behavior. Examples include pumps, turbines, pipelines, and aircraft, all of which require attention to how fluid properties change as flow moves through a system. Fluid-particle analysis supplies a common basis for examining those changes and applying conservation principles to engineering calculations.