Liquid Phase Stem
Liquid Phase Stem - Related Videos
11:00
Liquid Phase Reactor: Sucrose Inversion
0 Views •
2023
Source: Kerry M. Dooley and Michael G. Benton, Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA Both batch and continuous flow reactors are used in catalytic reactions. Packed beds, which use solid catalysts and a continuous flow, are the most common configuration. In the absence of an extensive recycle stream, such packed bed reactors are typically modeled as "plug flow". The other most common continuous reactor is a stirred tank, which is assumed to be perfectly...
12:37
Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
0 Views •
2015
Here, we present a protocol to investigate multi-component phase diagrams using externally controlled magnetic beads as liquid carriers in a lab-in-tube approach. This approach can aid in applications that seek to gather further information on phase change in complex liquid systems.
07:57
Using the GELFREE 8100 Fractionation System for Molecular Weight-Based Fractionation with Liquid Phase Recovery
0 Views •
Cited by 17 •
2009
The accompanying video describes the use of the GELFREE 8100 Fractionation System, which partitions complex protein samples on the basis of molecular weight and recovers the fractions in liquid phase. The video describes how the technology works, how it is used, and provides resultant data, with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of fractionated bovine liver homogenate.
09:21
Efficiency of Liquid-liquid Extraction
0 Views •
2023
Source: Kerry M. Dooley and Michael G. Benton, Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a separation technique used instead of distillation when either: (a) the relative volatilities of the compounds to be separated are very similar; (b) one or more of the mixture components are temperature sensitive even near ambient conditions; (c) the distillation would require a very low pressure or a very high distillate/feed...
02:39
Phase Diagrams
0 Views •
2020
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
FAQs
The sealed liquid cell uses thin, electron-transparent windows to contain the liquid while allowing the electron beam to pass through the sample. Transmitted electrons then form images or produce analytical signals. The windows therefore perform two functions at once: they preserve the liquid environment and provide an electron path through the enclosed specimen for nanoscale observation.
Liquid and specimen material scatter electrons as the beam travels through the cell, which can affect image quality and analytical signals. Excessive dose can also disturb the liquid environment or damage the specimen. Managing scattering and dose is therefore essential for obtaining interpretable observations while maintaining conditions close to those being studied.
Observation in liquid preserves access to processes that may change when a specimen is dried or exposed to vacuum. Instead of relying only on an endpoint image, researchers can follow structural changes as they occur. This distinction is especially valuable when nucleation, growth, aggregation, or electrochemical activity develops dynamically within the liquid environment.
Transmitted electrons generate images that reveal nanoscale structural changes, while analytical signals provide additional information from the electron-beam interaction with the enclosed sample. Considering both types of output can connect visible changes with the material response being investigated. This combined perspective supports interpretation of evolving structures rather than treating images as isolated snapshots.
A sample and its surrounding liquid are enclosed in a sealed liquid cell with thin, electron-transparent windows. The cell is positioned so the electron beam can pass through the windows and specimen. Researchers then collect transmitted-electron images or analytical signals while controlling beam scattering and dose to observe the selected process without unnecessarily disturbing the environment.
The technique can follow nanoparticle nucleation, in which new particles appear, as well as subsequent growth and aggregation. It can also monitor electrochemical reactions while they proceed in liquid. Tracking these changes over time provides information about how nanoscale structure evolves, rather than showing only the material state before or after a reaction.
Engineering researchers can apply the method when material behavior depends on structure and dynamics within a liquid environment. Relevant examples include catalysts, energy devices, and colloidal systems. By observing changes at the nanoscale, investigators can relate processes such as particle growth, aggregation, or electrochemical reactions to performance-related material behavior.