Rectangular Channel

A rectangular channel is a passage with a four-sided, rectangular cross-section that guides fluid flow, making its geometry important for predicting capacity, velocity, and energy loss in engineering systems. In open-channel flow, water moves with a free surface, while discharge depends on cross-sectional area, flow depth, channel slope, and boundary roughness; the hydraulic radius helps relate these factors to resistance and velocity. Rectangular channels are used in drainage networks, irrigation canals, laboratory flumes, and wastewater infrastructure. Analyzing their dimensions and flow conditions supports efficient design, reduces overflow and erosion risks, and enables controlled measurement of hydraulic behavior.

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JoVE Core - Electrical Engineering

Rectangular and Triangular Pulse Function

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2025

The unit rectangular pulse function is mathematically represented by a rectangular function centered at the origin with a height of one unit. This function is defined by two parameters: T, which specifies the center location of the pulse along the time axis, and τ, which determines the pulse duration. For example, consider a rectangular pulse with a 5V amplitude, a 3-second duration, and centered at t=2 seconds. This pulse can be expressed using the rectangular function, written as,

Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular Components

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2024

Curvilinear motion characterizes the movement of a particle or object along a curved path, notably evident when envisioning a car navigating a winding road. If the car starts at point A, its position vector is established within a fixed frame of reference, where the ratio of the position vector to its magnitude signifies the unit vector pointing in the position vector's direction. As the car advances, its position evolves over time. Quantifying the car's velocity involves computing the time...

Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates

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2026

Triple integrals provide a method for calculating the accumulated value of a function over a three-dimensional region. Common applications include computing volume, mass, and other physical quantities that vary with position. The fundamental idea is to partition a solid region into small rectangular boxes, evaluate the function at sample points within each box, and sum the contributions. As the partitions become finer, this triple Riemann sum approaches the exact value of the triple integral.In...

Distribution of Stresses in a Narrow Rectangular Beam

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2024

In studying beam stress distribution, examining an elemental section is essential. To determine the average shearing stress on this face, the calculated shear is divided by the surface area. Importantly, shearing stresses on the beam's transverse and horizontal planes mirror each other, indicating a consistent stress distribution along the upper region of the beam. Notably, shearing stresses are absent at the beam's upper and lower surfaces due to the absence of applied forces in these areas.

Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates

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2024

Understanding the motion of particles is a fundamental aspect of classical mechanics, and the choice of the coordinate system plays a pivotal role in unraveling the complexities of their dynamics. When a particle moves relative to an inertial frame, the equations of motion can be expressed using rectangular components. If the motion is confined to the x-y plane, the equations having the x and y coordinates only can be used to simplify the mathematical representation. However, when particles...

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