Mass Transport Phenomena
Mass Transport Phenomena - Related Videos
08:16
Ice Generation and the Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena of Introducing Water to a Cold Bath of Brine
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Cited by 1 •
2017
Here, we present a protocol to demonstrate the generation of ice when water is introduced to a cold bath of brine, as a secondary refrigerant, at a range of temperatures well below the freezing point of water. It can be used as an alternative way of producing ice for industry.
20:38
AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures
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Cited by 3 •
2008
Manipulating fluids and suspended particles in the micro- and nano-scale is becoming more of a reality as enabling technologies, like AC electrokinetics, continue to develop. Here, we discuss the physics behind AC electrokinetics, how to fabricate these devices and how to interpret the experimental observations.
06:48
Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
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Cited by 1 •
2025
Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy (FCRS) enables in operando observations of reaction and transport phenomena during the aqueous corrosion of silicate glasses at a microscopic level, at elevated temperatures, and in real-time. Without interrupting ongoing processes, FCRS provides information about reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and transport processes.
01:15
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
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2024
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
01:32
Transport and Acclimatization of Rodents for Research
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2026
All animal procedures described here must be conducted in accordance with institutional animal ethics guidelines and approved by IACUC. All procedures must follow the principles of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—and must be performed by trained personnel. Transporting rodents for research requires procedures that minimize stress and maintain animal welfare during movement to minimize the influence on experimental outcomes. Transport cages should provide adequate ventilation,...
FAQs
Diffusion redistributes solutes along concentration gradients, whereas advection moves dissolved or suspended substances with flowing water or air. Dispersion adds further spreading when the transport medium is heterogeneous. Together, these mechanisms determine both the direction and spatial extent of chemical movement, helping explain why contaminants may migrate while also becoming distributed across broader soil, groundwater, or atmospheric regions.
Heterogeneous media do not provide uniform pathways for moving substances. Differences within soil or other environmental materials can cause transported chemicals to spread beyond the pattern expected from simple movement alone. Representing dispersion is therefore important when evaluating contaminant migration, because the resulting distribution affects where pollutants, nutrients, or dissolved substances may interact with surrounding environmental compartments.
A concentration difference drives diffusion from regions with higher concentration toward regions with lower concentration. Movement of water or air supplies the advective transport pathway for dissolved or suspended substances. The combination of concentration gradients and moving fluids determines how chemical species are redistributed, while dispersion modifies their spread when the surrounding medium contains heterogeneous conditions.
Air–water interfaces provide locations where chemical species can exchange between environmental phases. Transport across these boundaries contributes to gas exchange and influences how substances are distributed between water and the overlying air. This connection matters in environmental systems because phase-to-phase movement affects the presence and behavior of chemicals involved in pollution, cycling, and related environmental interactions.
Environmental investigations use diffusion, advection, and dispersion to interpret how contaminants move through soil and groundwater. Concentration gradients indicate diffusive movement, flowing water provides advective transport, and heterogeneous subsurface media contribute to dispersion. Considering these mechanisms supports evaluation of contaminant distribution and helps predict migration patterns relevant to environmental risk assessment and remediation design.
Mass transport analysis connects chemical movement with practical environmental decisions. It helps assess how pollutants may migrate, where exposure or interaction could occur, and how removal processes should be considered in treatment systems. The same framework also supports understanding nutrient cycling and pollutant removal, providing a basis for risk assessment, remediation planning, and prediction of contaminant movement and transformation.