Phage Killing Kinetics
Phage Killing Kinetics - Related Videos
04:30
Phage Purification from Borrelia burgdorferi
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2026
Source: Eggers, C. H. Phage-Mediated Genetic Manipulation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Vis. Exp. (2022).This video demonstrates the isolation of borrelial phage particles from a Borrelia burgdorferi suspension using polyethylene glycol-mediated phase separation. The sample is centrifuged, treated with a salt solution, and a molecular crowding agent to precipitate phages. Chloroform extraction is done to remove debris and concentrate phage particles. The purified phage...
03:04
Atomic Force Microscopy to Visualize Phage–Antigen Interactions
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2026
Source: Williams, S. M. et al. Novel Atomic Force Microscopy Based Biopanning for Isolation of Morphology Specific Reagents against TDP-43 Variants in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J. Vis. Exp. (2015)This video demonstrates tapping-mode AFM to visualize phage–antigen interactions on a mica surface. It outlines the steps for antigen immobilization, phage binding, and high-resolution nanoscale imaging.
02:46
A Phage Therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Zebrafish Embryos
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2025
The video demonstrates the phage therapy technique targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis zebrafish embryos. Phage therapy effectively diminishes bacterial load and mitigates proinflammatory immune responses in CF zebrafish embryos infected with bacteria, leading to reduced CF embryo lethality.
10:52
Precise Phage Mutagenesis with NgTET-Assisted CRISPR-Cas Systems
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2025
Here, we present a protocol to reduce DNA modifications in bacteriophages using the NgTET enzyme, enabling efficient and scarless CRISPR-Cas mutagenesis. This method facilitates the genetic engineering of phages for applications in biotechnology and phage therapy.
09:40
Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
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Cited by 10 •
2015
Here, we present phenomic approaches for the functional characterization of putative phage genes. Techniques include a developed assay capable of monitoring host anabolic metabolism, the Multi-phenotype Assay Plates (MAPs), in addition to the established method of metabolomics, capable of measuring effects to catabolic metabolism.
FAQs
These parameters influence different stages of bacterial decline. Adsorption rate affects how quickly phages attach to susceptible cells, the latent period sets the delay before lysis, and burst size determines how many progeny phages can emerge from each lysed cell. Together, they influence the speed, magnitude, and persistence of population reduction observed in a time-kill curve.
Phage dose changes the number of phage particles available to contact bacterial cells at the start of an experiment. A higher or lower dose can therefore alter the apparent timing and extent of population reduction, even when the phage and bacteria are unchanged. Comparing doses helps identify conditions that produce more effective or sustained bacterial killing.
The growth state of the bacterial population can affect how rapidly and extensively phage-mediated killing appears. Time-dependent measurements may therefore distinguish responses in actively changing populations from other growth conditions. Accounting for growth state improves comparisons among phages and helps explain why the same candidate may produce different killing patterns under different experimental conditions.
The process follows viable bacterial population size at successive time points after phage exposure and represents those measurements as a time-kill curve. The resulting pattern shows the timing and extent of bacterial reduction, while later changes can reveal incomplete killing, resistance, or regrowth. This approach supports direct comparison of phage candidates and dosing conditions.
Researchers can compare candidates by examining how quickly each produces bacterial reduction, how large that reduction becomes, and whether the effect persists or is followed by regrowth. These features summarize the functional consequences of adsorption, intracellular replication, and lysis without relying on a single endpoint. The comparisons help identify candidates with more favorable killing profiles.
Kinetic results help determine dosing conditions and can indicate whether bacterial clearance is sustained or undermined by resistance or regrowth. In immunology and infection research, the curves also provide a framework for considering how phage-driven bacterial reduction may interact with host immune responses. This supports evaluation of phage therapy and combination treatments in a time-dependent context.