Surface Exposure Analysis
Surface Exposure Analysis - Related Videos
08:06
A Standardized In Vitro Procedure For Evaluating Surface Microhardness Changes In Nanohybrid Resin Composites After Whey Protein Beverage Exposure
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2026
This protocol describes a standardized in vitro method for evaluating the effects of whey protein beverages on resin composite microhardness. The approach enables controlled assessment of dietary exposure using cyclic immersion and Vickers testing, providing a reproducible model for investigating the interaction between nutritional beverages and restorative biomaterials.
02:52
Assessing the Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Surfaces Using a Focused-Contact Exposure Method
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2026
Source: Holt-Torres, P. S. et al. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces In Vitro. J. Vis. Exp. (2023)This video demonstrates the use of the focused-contact exposure method to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nanostructured surfaces. It outlines the steps involved in establishing direct contact between bacteria and the nanostructured surface, incubation, bacterial collection, and colony counting to assess viability.
14:11
Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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Cited by 21 •
2016
We illustrate the application of 1H(15N,αγ)12C resonant nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) to quantitatively evaluate the density of hydrogen atoms on the surface, in the volume, and at an interfacial layer of solid materials. The near-surface hydrogen depth profiling of a Pd(110) single crystal and of SiO2/Si(100) stacks is described.
07:54
Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas
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Cited by 2 •
2018
Dust charging and mobilization is demonstrated in three experiments with exposure to thermal plasma with beam electrons, beam electrons only, or ultraviolet (UV) radiation only. These experiments present the advanced understanding of electrostatic dust transport and its role in shaping the surfaces of airless planetary bodies.
10:16
Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis
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Cited by 186 •
2016
The protocol below describes the methodology for: microplastics sampling on the sea surface, separation of microplastic and chemical identification of particles. This protocol is in line with the recommendations for microplastics monitoring published by the MSFD Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter.
FAQs
Detection depends on whether the molecule or epitope is physically accessible on the exterior and able to bind the selected antibody or probe. A target may be present but provide a weak or absent signal if its relevant region is not exposed. This distinction helps researchers interpret binding measurements as evidence of accessibility, rather than simple molecular presence.
The analysis focuses on the fraction of a target available for external binding, whereas total antigen abundance may include molecules or regions that are not accessible. Labeled binding therefore provides information about antigen presentation at the surface. Comparing exposure profiles with other measurements can clarify whether changes reflect altered accessibility, altered abundance, or both, when such measurements are available.
An immune-recognized antigen must be accessible enough for an antibody or other binding molecule to contact it. Surface exposure analysis can therefore connect structural accessibility with immune recognition and pathogen interaction with host cells. In infection studies, altered exposure profiles may indicate changes at the cell or pathogen surface that affect how immune components engage their targets.
Researchers first select the exposed molecule, epitope, or structural feature to examine, then apply a labeled antibody or molecular probe that can bind the target. They measure the resulting signal using flow cytometry, microscopy, or a biochemical assay. The measured profile is then used to characterize which targets are accessible and to quantify their detected surface presence.
Flow cytometry, microscopy, and biochemical assays are among the approaches identified for measuring accessible surface targets. Flow cytometry can support quantitative profiling, microscopy can show where labeled targets are detected, and biochemical assays provide another way to measure binding-related signals. The appropriate choice depends on whether the study emphasizes population-level quantification, visual localization, or biochemical characterization.
Researchers can profile exposed features on pathogens or host cells to examine which targets are available during interaction. These measurements help investigate how pathogens engage host-cell surfaces and may reveal surface changes associated with infection. The resulting information supports studies of pathogen entry, including evaluation of whether interaction-relevant molecules are accessible for binding.
Exposure profiles identify antigens or epitopes that are accessible to immune-recognizing molecules, making them relevant to vaccine design and antibody development. The same measurements can support diagnostic research by determining whether candidate targets are detectable on cells or infectious particles. They also help assess whether a proposed therapeutic or diagnostic antibody can reach its intended surface target.