Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy - Related Videos
06:15
Binocular Rivalry
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University Why do people have two forward-facing eyes? By presenting the brain with two ever so slightly different images it becomes possible to comprehend visual problems that are far more difficult to process through a single eye. Chief among these is the problem of 3-D perception, seeing the world in three dimensions, despite retinal inputs in only two dimensions. What happens if each eye receives two completely different images? That...
14:34
How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
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Cited by 72 •
2010
Binocular rivalry occurs when the eyes are presented with different images at the same location: one image dominates while the other is suppressed, and dominance alternates periodically. Rivalry is useful for investigating perceptual selection and visual awareness. Here we describe several easy methods for creating and using binocular rivalry stimuli.
05:14
Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
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2025
The binocular wavefront optometer agrees well with traditional refraction techniques in both objective and subjective refraction measurements, offering superior accuracy and clinical utility. Its standardized protocol reduces optometrist workload and provides a more accurate refractive assessment for post-refractive surgery individuals.
08:25
A Battery of Quantitative Binocular Vision Tests for Adults: Testing Protocols
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2026
Here we present a comprehensive battery of tasks to assess binocular vision. Tasks include peripheral stereoacuity and motion-in-depth, which are not assessed by current clinical tests. Incorporating these tasks will provide an in-depth assessment of an individual’s binocularity.
14:22
ELISA Assays: Indirect, Sandwich, and Competitive
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2023
Source: Whitney Swanson1,2, Frances V. Sjaastad2,3, and Thomas S. Griffith1,2,3,4 1 Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 2 Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 3 Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 4 Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is frequently used to measure the presence...
FAQs
The condensing lens is central to the optical pathway: it converts light returning from the retina into an aerial image that is inverted and laterally reversed. Because the clinician views that image with both eyes, the examination preserves stereoscopic depth perception. This combination helps relate retinal findings spatially rather than assessing them as a flat, centrally limited view.
Compared with direct ophthalmoscopy, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy provides greater access to the peripheral retina. That broader field is important when abnormalities extend beyond the central fundus, where a more limited view may not show the full area of concern. Adding scleral depression further supports examination of the retinal edges, especially when searching for peripheral pathology.
Scleral depression adds a targeted step for examining the retinal edges. Used alongside binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, it helps the clinician assess regions that may be difficult to inspect through the ordinary wide-field view alone. This is particularly relevant when evaluating suspected peripheral retinal abnormalities, including tears or changes associated with retinal detachment.
The clinician positions the head-mounted ophthalmoscope to direct light through the patient’s pupil and holds a condensing lens in front of the eye. The resulting retinal image is then viewed with both eyes while the retina is surveyed across its broader field. If needed, scleral depression is added to examine the retinal edges more closely.
Clinicians use this examination when they need to evaluate retinal disease across more than the central fundus. Supported findings include retinal tears, detachments, hemorrhages, diabetic retinal abnormalities, and pediatric retinal abnormalities. Its broad, stereoscopic view contributes to diagnosis and can help clinicians monitor disease or plan subsequent treatment.
The examination can reveal the location and appearance of retinal abnormalities across a wide area, including peripheral findings that might otherwise be missed. Three-dimensional viewing helps the clinician appreciate the spatial relationships of observed lesions. Findings such as tears, detachments, hemorrhages, or diabetic changes can then support diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning.