Fibula Axis Marking

Fibula axis marking is a clinical surface-anatomy technique used to identify the longitudinal course of the fibula on the lower leg, supporting accurate assessment and surgical planning. The axis is traced between palpable landmarks, typically the fibular head proximally and the lateral malleolus distally, creating an external reference for locating the bone and its surrounding anatomy. In medicine, this marking can guide physical examination, radiographic or ultrasound orientation, and preoperative planning for procedures involving the fibula, including reconstructive surgery and fibular free-flap harvest. Clear surface landmarks help clinicians relate planned incisions or imaging findings to the underlying skeletal structure.

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Research

JoVE Journal - Bioengineering
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The Bionic Clicker Mark I & II

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Cited by 2 •

2017

A device was created to demonstrate electromyography-based control to a lay audience. After the success of the initial device, a second device was made with greater flexibility in functionality for demonstration and research purposes. This protocol describes the process of building and calibrating both devices.

Education

JoVE Core - Anatomy and Physiology

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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2025

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

Bone Markings

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2025

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings. Articulating Projections Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...

Administering and Detecting Protein Marks on Arthropods for Dispersal Research

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Cited by 12 •

2016

Proteins are often used to mark arthropods for dispersal research. Methods for administering internal and external protein marks on arthropods are demonstrated. Protein mark detection techniques, either through indirect or sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), are also illustrated.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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2019

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor. What Happens During Stress In response to stress, the neurons in the hypothalamus release...

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