High-speed Burrs

High-speed burrs are rotary cutting instruments designed to rapidly remove or shape hard biological tissues, making them important for precise medical and dental procedures. Their fluted or abrasive heads rotate at very high speeds in a handpiece, cutting through tissue by mechanical contact while irrigation or cooling helps limit heat generated by friction. Clinicians use them for tasks such as tooth preparation, bone contouring, and access during selected surgical procedures, where control of cutting rate, pressure, and cooling affects accuracy and tissue protection. Understanding their design and operation supports safer technique, improved procedural efficiency, and the development of more effective surgical instruments.

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Education

JoVE Core - Physics

Distribution of Molecular Speeds

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2023

The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...

Speed of Sound in Gases

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2023

The speed of sound in a gaseous medium depends on various factors. Since gases constitute molecules that are free to move, they are highly compressible. Hence, sound waves travel slowly through gases. Thermodynamics helps us understand the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of gases, thus, the speed of sound in an ideal gas can be determined using the laws of thermodynamics. At the same time, Newton's laws of motion and the continuity equation of fluid dynamics also come in...

Speed of a Transverse Wave

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2025

The speed of a wave depends on the characteristics of the medium. For example, in the case of a guitar, the strings vibrate to produce the sound. The speed of the waves on the strings and the wavelength determine the frequency of the sound produced. The strings on a guitar have different thicknesses but may be made of similar material. They have different linear densities, and the linear density is defined as the mass per length. One of the key properties of any wave is the wave speed. Light...

Research

JoVE Journal - Biology

Application of High-speed Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in Live Primary Cilium

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Cited by 4 •

2018

Recently we mapped the three-dimensional (3D) spatial locations of transport routes for various proteins translocating inside primary cilia in live cells. Here this paper details the experimental setup, the process of biological samples and the data analyses for the 3D super-resolution fluorescence imaging approach newly applied in live primary cilia.

Application of 3D Printing in the Construction of Burr Hole Ring for Deep Brain Stimulation Implants

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Cited by 3 •

2019

Here, we present a protocol to demonstrate 3D printing in the construction of deep brain stimulation implants.

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