Live Animal Scanning
Live Animal Scanning - Related Videos
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Computer-Generated Animal Model Stimuli
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Computer-generated stimuli using the Jacky dragon as a model.
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Dual Raster-Scanning Photoacoustic Small-Animal Imager for Vascular Visualization
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A dual raster-scanning photoacoustic imager was designed, which integrated wide-field imaging and real-time imaging.
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Leaky Scanning
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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
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The 3Rs Principle in Animal Research
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2026
All procedures described here must be conducted in accordance with institutional animal ethics guidelines and approved by IACUC, and must follow the principles of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement. The principles of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement, commonly called the 3Rs, establish the ethical basis for the use of animals in scientific research. Developed by Russell and Burch in 1959, these principles are included in institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC)...
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Training and Competency in Animal Procedures
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2026
All animal procedures described here must be conducted in accordance with institutional animal ethics guidelines and approved by IACUC. All procedures must follow the principles of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—and must be performed by trained personnel. A Stepwise Approach to Training Proper training and competency in animal procedures are essential to ensure high standards of animal welfare and reliable scientific outcomes. A structured, progressive training approach is...
FAQs
Each modality detects a different physical signal: magnetic fields in MRI, X-rays in CT, radiotracers in PET, and sound waves in ultrasound. Consequently, the resulting images can emphasize different aspects of anatomy or physiology. In preclinical medicine, comparing these signal sources helps researchers examine structural changes alongside functional or disease-related changes over time.
Following the same animal across multiple scans reveals tumor growth, organ-function changes, treatment response, and disease progression as they unfold. This longitudinal design reduces reliance on repeated euthanasia and allows observations to remain linked to an individual subject over time. The approach is especially useful when researchers need to track changing disease or therapy-related outcomes.
Standardized anesthesia and positioning help limit stress and experimental variability between scans. Consistency matters because changes in the animal’s condition or placement can complicate comparisons across time, even when the underlying disease or treatment has not changed. Applying the same preparation principles supports more reliable measurements when monitoring progression or response in longitudinal medicine studies.
Image analysis converts scan data into measurements that can be compared across animals or time points. In live animal studies, this step supports evaluation of tumor growth, organ function, treatment response, and disease progression rather than relying only on visual inspection. Standardized analysis methods improve measurement reliability and help connect imaging findings with the goals of a preclinical experiment.
A study generally requires consistent preparation, including standardized anesthesia and positioning, followed by image acquisition with an imaging modality and systematic analysis. Repeating these conditions at later time points makes measurements more comparable. This workflow allows investigators to observe changes in the same living animal while limiting stress and experimental variation that could obscure biological outcomes.
It enables researchers to examine disease and therapy in living subjects before and during translational investigation. Common study outcomes include tumor growth, organ function, treatment response, and disease progression. Because these endpoints can be followed repeatedly in the same animal, the method supports time-based assessment while reducing the need for repeated euthanasia in preclinical medical research.