Xenotransplantation
Xenotransplantation - Related Videos
06:52
A Standardized Pig to Macaque Heterotopic Heart Xenotransplantation Model
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Cited by 1 •
2025
This study presents a pre-clinical heterotopic abdominal heart xenotransplantation model using α-Gal knockout (GTKO) pigs and macaques. The model incorporates optimized recipient selection, vascular anastomosis techniques, and perioperative management strategies. It is suitable for evaluating novel immunosuppressive agents and provides a convenient platform for advancing heart xenotransplantation.
07:34
Quantification of Circulating Pig-Specific DNA in the Blood of a Xenotransplantation Model
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Cited by 2 •
2020
In this protocol, porcine specific primers were designed, plasmids-containing porcine specific DNA fragments were constructed, and standard curves for quantitation were established. Using species-specific primers, cpsDNA was quantified by qPCR in pig-to-mouse cell transplantation models and pig-to-monkey artery patch transplantation models.
08:42
A Standardized Murine Model with a Three-Person Workflow for Studying Acute Cellular and Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Xenotransplantation
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2026
This study establishes two standardized murine xenotransplantation models to specifically replicate acute cellular rejection and acute antibody-mediated rejection. These models serve as a reliable platform for investigating mechanisms of xenograft immune rejection, evaluating immunosuppressive strategies, and advancing preclinical xenotransplantation research.
15:42
Xenotransplantation of Human Stem Cells into the Chicken Embryo
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Cited by 31 •
2010
In this paper we present a method for transplanting human stem cells into various regions of the central nervous system of the chicken embryo. This provides an in vivo model for assessing the proliferation and differentiation of various types of human stem cells in embryonic tissue environments.
06:10
A Simple, Rapid, and Effective Method for Tumor Xenotransplantation Analysis in Transparent Zebrafish Embryos
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Cited by 5 •
2024
We describe a protocol for xenotransplantation into the yolk of transparent zebrafish embryos that is optimized by a simple, rapid staging method. Post-injection analyses include survival and assessing the disease burden of xenotransplanted cells by flow cytometry.
FAQs
Recipient antibodies can recognize antigens on cells from another species and activate the complement system, a group of immune proteins that amplifies tissue injury. This response may damage the graft rapidly, producing hyperacute rejection soon after transplantation. Understanding this antibody and complement pathway helps researchers design interventions that address the earliest barrier to graft survival.
Genetic modification changes donor animals so their cells may be less vulnerable to recognition by the human immune system. This strategy addresses the antigen differences that initiate antibody-mediated injury and may also support longer graft survival when combined with immunosuppressive therapies. Its purpose is to reduce immune incompatibility rather than eliminate the need for immune management.
Preventing hyperacute rejection does not remove every immune threat. Cellular immunity can produce later graft damage even when the initial antibody and complement response has been controlled. Xenotransplantation research therefore considers both early and delayed immune mechanisms, because successful graft survival depends on limiting multiple forms of rejection rather than focusing on a single pathway.
Immunosuppressive therapies are combined with donor-animal genetic modification to restrain the recipient’s immune response against the graft. Their role is especially important because xenotransplantation presents substantial immune incompatibility, including antibody-mediated and cellular mechanisms. Using these therapies as part of a broader strategy may improve graft survival while researchers continue investigating approaches related to immune tolerance.
The approach could expand access to transplantable organs when human donor material is insufficient. It may also provide temporary treatment for patients who need support while awaiting a human donor. These applications address different clinical needs: one seeks to increase the available supply, while the other uses an interim graft during a prolonged wait for transplantation.
Xenotransplantation provides a setting for studying immune tolerance, infectious risks, and regenerative therapies alongside transplantation itself. Research can therefore examine how to maintain graft compatibility, protect patients from pathogen-related hazards, and develop cell- or tissue-based treatments. This broader context connects the field to both clinical medicine and efforts to advance regenerative approaches.