Infant Participants
Infant Participants - Related Videos
07:25
Habituation: Studying Infants Before They Can Talk
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Nicholaus Noles, Judith Danovitch, and Cara Cashon—University of Louisville Infants are one of the purest sources of information about human thinking and learning, because they’ve had very few life experiences. Thus, researchers are interested in gathering data from infants, but as participants in experimental research, they are a challenging group to study. Unlike older children and adults, young infants are unable to reliably speak, understand speech, or even move and...
12:55
P50 Sensory Gating in Infants
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Cited by 5 •
2013
Methods to record auditory P50 sensory gating, a physiological marker of cerebral inhibition which reflects early stages of attention, are described.
12:48
Investigating Social Cognition in Infants and Adults Using Dense Array Electroencephalography (dEEG)
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Cited by 2 •
2011
Dense array electroencephalography is being used increasingly to study social cognitive functions in infants and adults. Here we present an established methodology that represents a significant improvement on conventional methodologies for studying EEG in infants and adults.
08:10
Using Your Head: Measuring Infants' Rational Imitation of Actions
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Judith Danovitch and Nicholaus Noles—University of Louisville One of the main challenges of infancy is to learn how to achieve one’s goals in the world, whether they are to pick up a toy or to express desires to another person, and one of the most powerful tools in this learning process is imitation. However, imitation is not always as simple as copying other people’s actions; it is also necessary to realize that goals and intentions guide behavior. The world is a...
06:34
Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
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Cited by 30 •
2015
High-density electroencephalography (dEEG) is being used increasingly to study brain development and plasticity in the early years of life. Here we present an application of sophisticated analysis techniques that builds on traditional EEG recording to understand the oscillatory dynamics of rapid auditory processing in the infant brain.
FAQs
Infant neuroscience studies often rely on behavior that occurs naturally, especially where a baby looks and how responses change after sounds or images. These measures connect observable attention and perception with developing neural activity. Comparing patterns across infants or ages can help identify early sensory processing, memory, and social-developmental trajectories without requiring verbal reports.
These conditions match infants’ limited ability to follow instructions and allow researchers to measure brain activity during natural states or controlled exposure to sounds and images. Resting recordings can characterize ongoing neural activity, while stimulus periods link changes in activity or behavior to particular perceptual events, supporting interpretation of early processing.
An appropriate design minimizes demands on the baby while preserving a clear connection between the stimulus and the measured response. Researchers select age-appropriate tasks, observe gaze or reactions, and account for whether the infant is resting or viewing material. These choices improve reliability because the procedure fits the participant’s developmental abilities.
Investigators cannot depend on verbal answers or intricate task rules, so they infer processing from observable behavior and noninvasive neural measurements. Sounds, images, gaze, and response changes become central evidence. This approach shifts the emphasis from instructed performance to developmental signals that infants can produce naturally, while keeping procedures suitable for their abilities.
Researchers first obtain parental consent, then use a procedure matched to the infant’s developmental capacity. During the study, the baby may rest or view sounds or images while investigators monitor gaze, behavioral responses, or changes in neural activity with noninvasive methods. Careful design and infant-suited conditions are necessary for ethically responsible, interpretable observations.
It can reveal how developing neural systems support early perception, learning, attention, memory, and social development. By examining behavioral responses alongside neural activity, researchers can describe typical developmental patterns and consider how experience shapes the brain. These findings provide a foundation for understanding early behavior without requiring infants to explain what they perceive.