Olfactory Organoids
Olfactory Organoids - Related Videos
06:32
Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
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2017
Olfactory sensory neurons express a wide variety of axon-sorting molecules to establish proper neural circuitry. This protocol describes an immunohistochemical staining method to visualize combinatorial expressions of axon-sorting molecules at the axon termini of olfactory sensory neurons.
09:00
Olfactory Behavioral Testing in the Adult Mouse
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Cited by 68 •
2009
Fundamental, yet unique properties of the rodent olfactory system have led to its increasing study among biologists. A relatively simple assessment of its function is then also needed. Here we describe sensitive tests for the characterization of mouse olfactory sensitivity and preference.
08:42
Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice
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Cited by 13 •
2014
Cilia of olfactory sensory neurons contain proteins of the signal transduction cascade, but a detailed spatial analysis of their distribution is difficult in cryosections. We describe here an optimized approach for whole mount labeling and en face visualization of ciliary proteins.
06:40
Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
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Cited by 9 •
2015
We present a simple and unbiased olfactory test in mice. With this protocol olfactory discrimination, preference, avoidance and sensitivity to a novel odor as compared to water can be assessed in single behavioral sessions. This method is indicated for a single experimenter and analysis is based on computer-assisted video processing.
05:11
Organoid Electroporation: A Method to Transfect Plasmid DNA into Gastrointestinal Organoids
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2023
This video describes the electroporation protocol for transfecting large plasmids into three-dimensional gastrointestinal organoids to prove its universal functionality in different entities, namely pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), colorectal cancer (CRC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCC), and gastric cancer (GC) organoids.
FAQs
Self-organization depends on culture signals and growth conditions that regulate progenitor-cell proliferation and differentiation. As these cells respond, they form tissue architecture resembling important features of the olfactory epithelium and generate related neural cell types. Adjusting those conditions therefore influences which cells develop, how they are arranged, and how closely the model reflects olfactory tissue.
Three-dimensional organization preserves interactions and spatial relationships that conventional cell cultures may not capture. In olfactory organoids, epithelial features and neural cell types can develop together, allowing researchers to examine processes in a more tissue-like setting. This organization is especially relevant when studying olfactory sensory neuron development, epithelial repair, and changes associated with disease.
These models can help separate changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, tissue organization, and odor-related signaling. Because they contain olfactory sensory neurons alongside epithelial and related neural cell types, researchers can examine how developing or damaged olfactory tissue changes at the cellular level. Such observations provide mechanistic context for neural development and disease-associated alterations in human cells.
Generation begins by placing stem or progenitor cells in culture and providing signals and growth conditions that guide their behavior. The cells proliferate, differentiate, and self-organize into three-dimensional structures with key olfactory tissue features. The resulting model can then be examined for its cellular composition, tissue architecture, olfactory sensory neuron development, and related neural properties.
Researchers may choose these models when they need interactions and organization that conventional cultures cannot reproduce adequately. Their three-dimensional structure supports studies of olfactory epithelial repair, neural development, odor-related signaling, and disease-associated changes in human cells. They are therefore useful when the research question depends on coordinated behavior among epithelial and neural cell types.
Olfactory organoids support mechanistic studies of how olfactory sensory neurons develop, how olfactory epithelium repairs itself, and how odor-related signaling changes in human cells. They can also model disease-associated alterations and may strengthen therapeutic research by providing a more organized tissue context than simpler culture systems. Their value lies in connecting cellular events with olfactory tissue behavior.