Udp Glucuronyl Transferase
Udp Glucuronyl Transferase - Related Videos
07:46
An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity
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Cited by 3 •
2018
Here, we describe a protocol for the biochemical characterization of the yeast RNA-modifying enzyme, Mod5, and discuss how this protocol could be applied to other RNA-modifying enzymes.
01:27
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
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2026
Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
05:32
Terminal Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End-Labeling—TUNEL Assay: An In Situ Method to Detect DNA Fragmentation in Apoptotic Cells
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2025
In this video, the TUNEL assay is performed to detect the presence of apoptotic cells in a sample. The study involves using a special DNA polymerase - terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - that catalyzes the addition of labeled dUTPs to the 3' terminus of fragmented DNA, which can be observed and identified under a fluorescence microscope.
14:57
Spectrophotometric Screening for Potential Inhibitors of Cytosolic Glutathione S-Transferases
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Cited by 14 •
2020
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are detoxification enzymes involved in the metabolism of numerous chemotherapeutic drugs. Overexpression of GSTs is correlated with cancer chemotherapy resistance. One way to counter this phenotype is to use inhibitors. This protocol describes a method using a spectrophotometric assay to screen for potential GST inhibitors.
07:37
Using Terminal Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End-labelling (TUNEL) and Caspase 3/7 Assays to Measure Epidermal Cell Death in Frogs with Chytridiomycosis
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Cited by 3 •
2018
We quantify epidermal cell death in frogs with chytridiomycosis using two methods. First, we use terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) in situ histology to determine differences between clinically infected and uninfected animals. Second, we conduct a time series analysis of apoptosis over infection using a caspase 3/7 protein analysis.
FAQs
The available functional group helps determine whether a compound can receive glucuronic acid during conjugation. UGT substrates may contain hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, or thiol groups, so compounds with different chemical features can be processed differently. This selectivity influences which glucuronides form and, consequently, how efficiently particular drugs or endogenous compounds are prepared for elimination.
UGT activity in tissues such as the liver and intestine can change the extent and timing of drug metabolism. Differences in activity between these tissues may alter how much parent compound remains available, influencing clearance and systemic exposure. These effects help explain why tissue distribution is important when evaluating pharmacokinetics, therapeutic response, and possible toxicity.
Genetic variation can produce differences in enzyme activity among individuals, while induction or inhibition can increase or decrease the capacity for conjugation. Competing substrates may also affect how available enzyme activity is distributed among compounds. Together, these factors can change drug exposure, clearance, efficacy, and toxicity, creating clinically important differences in treatment response.
UGT studies help connect enzyme activity with the rate at which a medicine is metabolized and cleared. By considering how glucuronidation influences exposure, pharmacologists can improve pharmacokinetic predictions and evaluate whether dose selection may need to account for differences among individuals. This information is especially relevant when altered metabolism could affect efficacy or toxicity.
Investigations can assess how UGT activity influences drug clearance, exposure, efficacy, and toxicity. They may also examine whether genetic differences, enzyme induction, inhibition, or competing substrates could alter those outcomes. Such evaluations provide a framework for understanding variability in medicine response and for anticipating drug interactions that arise from changes in metabolism.
UGT activity also affects environmental chemicals and endogenous compounds, making the enzyme family relevant to broader pharmacology and biotransformation research. Studying these substrates helps characterize how conjugation contributes to the handling of chemically diverse molecules. The resulting knowledge supports interpretation of metabolism across individuals rather than limiting analysis to a single medicine or therapeutic setting.